长江流域主要污染物总量减排及水质响应的时空特征  

On tempora-spacial features for reduced pollutant exhaust emission of Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：王佳宁[1] 徐顺青[1] 武娟妮[1] 卢静[1] 张筝[1] 程亮[1] WANG Jia-ning;XU Shun-qing;WU Juan-ni;LU Jing;ZHANG Zheng;CHEN Liang(Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2019年第3期1065-1074,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：中央财政预算项目-投资绩效管理;国家重点研发计划大气污染成因与控制技术研究项目(2016YFC0209100)

摘　　要：从流域尺度评估污染物减排与水质响应成为我国水环境质量管理的重要内容,以长江流域为研究对象,分析了“十二五”期间长江10个子流域的主要污染物(化学需氧量和氨氮)减排效果及水质响应的时空差异。结果表明,环保投资大幅度增加促进了长江流域主要污染物的减排,然而不合理的环保投资结构导致流域水污染治理效率并不高。不同流域污染负荷差异显著,长江中下游负荷量约为源头区的4倍。不同污染物的水体质量浓度与流域负荷量之间的响应机制存在明显差异,其中,长江各流域水体氨氮质量浓度对流域的氨氮负荷量变化表现出积极的响应关系,相比之下,长江各流域水体高锰酸盐指数的年平均质量浓度变化趋势与流域化学需氧量负荷的变化并不一致。建议调整长江流域污染治理的环保投资结构,提高生活源污染的治理效率,同时在分析流域总量减排与水质响应不确定性基础上,优化和调整流域污染物管理方案.This paper takes it as its focus on the pollutant emission reduction and the water quality response at the watershed scale. For the said purpose,we have made careful analysis of the emission reduction demands and the spatial and temporal variations of the pollutants( chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen) and the corresponding water quality response in the 10 sub-basins during the "12th Five-Year Plan Period" . The results we have gained through the above said analysis indicate that the pollutant emission reduction in the Yangtze River Basin has been greatly promoted by the increase in the environmental protection investment during the "12th Five-Year" Period. Nevertheless,the pollution control has been proven to be low efficient in the point of view of the irrational environmental investment structure.For example,the domestic sewage processing technology efficiency tends to be low but the investment to be put into turns high.But,actually in contrast,the technical efficiency of the industrial sewage treatment is high while the investment into the treatment proves low. Such a kind of investment structure is not conducive to improving the efficiency of the basin pollution control,for the discharge of the pollutants in the whole basin in 2015 was only 11%,which is in fact lower than that in 2010,the five years before. On the other hand,there used to exist significant spatial differences in the pollution loads between the 10 sub-basins. The pollutant loads in the middle and lower reaches of the river prove about 4 times as high as that of the headstream basin,though there do exist different response mechanisms between the concentration rate of different pollutants and the rate of the watershed load. For example,the concentration of NH4+ in all the branch rivers tends to indicate a positive response to the change of NH4+ load. Nevertheless,the change of CODMnconcentration in the different branch rivers may not be consistent with the change of the COD load,which implies that there lies the need to adjust the stru

关 键 词：环境工程学 化学需氧量 氨氮 流域尺度 环保投资 水质管理 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]