畜禽粪便中磷素特征及在农田生态系统中的转化利用  

Characteristics of Phosphorus in Livestock and Poultry Manure and Its Application in Farmland Ecosystem

作　　者：王春雪 王昭[1] 陈建军 李博[1] 祖艳群[1] 李元[1] WANG Chunxue;WANG Zhao;CHEN Jianjun;LI Bo;ZU Yanqun;LI Yuan(College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650201;Institute of Tropical Eco-Agriculture Science, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan Province 651300)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《楚雄师范学院学报》2019年第3期91-100,共10页Journal of Chuxiong Normal University

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金产业化培育项目“种养循环农业模式污染零排放关键技术研究”(NO:2016CYH11);云南省农田无公害创新团队(NO:2017HC015)

摘　　要：畜禽粪便中含有大量的植物所需的营养元素,其中的磷素含量及组分存在极大差异,因此,了解不同畜禽粪便中的磷素特征,在资源化利用畜禽粪便中的磷素、提高其植物利用率、有效控制其流失中具有重要意义。本文重点综述了我国不同种类的畜禽粪便磷素组成不同,同时概述了磷素在农田系统中的循环路径,分析了土壤酶活性、微生物种类、作物类群等因素对农田土壤中磷素转化利用的影响,并提出了利用畜禽粪便要从其还田入手,综合考虑不同畜禽粪便的养分含量,利用合适的土壤磷素活化剂,以达到农业、生态、环境各方面平衡的利用效果。尤其是土壤酶及解磷微生物,利用微生物群落的互作来全面提升畜禽粪便中P素的利用效率,使畜禽粪便中的P真正进入到农田系统中进行循环,是今后的研究方向。The livestock and poultry manures contain a large number of nutrients required by plants, among which the content and components of phosphorus are greatly different. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the characteristics of phosphorus in different livestock and poultry manures for the utilization of these resources, the improvement of plant utilization rate and the effective control of their losses. In this paper, the phosphorus composition of different livestock and poultry manures in China was reviewed. At the same time, the cycle path of phosphorus in farmland system was summarized, and the effects of soil enzyme activity, microbial species, crop groups and other factors on phosphorus conversion and utilization in farmland soil were analyzed. It is pointed out that the rational utilization of livestock and poultry manures should start from their return to the field, extracting the nutrient content of different livestock and poultry manures into consideration, and using the suitable soil phosphorus activator to achieve the balanced utilization effect of agriculture, ecology and environment. In particular, it is the future research direction to use the interaction of microbial communities to comprehensively improve the utilization efficiency of P in livestock and poultry manures, so that the P in livestock and poultry manures can be truly recycled into the farmland system.

关 键 词：磷 畜禽粪便 生态效应 转化 利用 作物-土壤系统 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]