欧山羊草6U^b染色体附加对小麦萌发期抗旱性的改良作用  

Improvement of Drought Resistance of Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) at Seed Germination Stage by Addition of 6U^b Chromosome from Aegilops biuncialis

作　　者：赵慧[1] 宋利强[2] 张娜 张玮[2] 李俊明[2] 纪军[2] ZHAO Hui;SONG Liqiang;ZHANG Na;ZHANG Wei;LI Junming;JI Jun(College of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学生物科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2019年第6期639-644,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2016YFD01020);河北科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(QD201419);国家小麦产业体系项目(CARS-03)

摘　　要：为探究欧山羊草U^b染色体附加对普通小麦抗旱性的遗传改良作用,选取2个普通小麦-欧山羊草异附加系(Ae9041和Ae9061,均附加了一对6U^b染色体)和3个普通小麦品种为材料,以聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟干旱胁迫,研究了不同小麦材料干旱胁迫后种子发芽势、发芽率、胚芽鞘长度、种子根数、胚根长度、幼苗高度以及贮藏物质利用率等抗旱相关指标的变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了各供试材料的种子萌发,且胁迫程度越大,抑制越明显。在相同浓度PEG6000处理下,两个异附加系的种子发芽势、发芽率和贮藏物质利用率的表现较为一致,且差异不显著。与耐旱品种晋麦47和节水品种石4185相比,Ae9041和Ae9061的幼苗胚芽鞘长、种子发芽率和贮藏物质利用率在干旱胁迫下均较高。在30%PEG6000胁迫下,Ae9041和Ae9061的种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗胚芽鞘长、胚根长、幼苗高度均显著高于亲本中国春。由此可见,普通小麦-欧山羊草异附加系种子在干旱胁迫下能迅速吸水并整齐萌发,以发达的根系和较长的胚芽鞘促进幼苗地上部生长,并将胚乳营养快速转运至幼苗中,从而促进其较快地进行形态建成,也说明欧山羊草U^b染色体的附加能够改良小麦萌发期的抗旱性。Two Triticum aestivum-Aegilops biuncialis U^b addition lines and three common wheat genotypes( controls)were tested in polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress to investigate the effect of alien chromosome on drought resistance of wheat at germination stage.Germination percentage, germination potential,coleoptile length,seminal root number,radicle length,shoot height and seed reserve utilization efficiency were measured.PEG treatment inhibited seed germination and the inhibition was more serious under higher concentration of PEG in all tested genotypes under drought stress. Similar trends in the changes of germination percentage,germination potential and seed reserve utilization efficiency were observed in Ae9041and Ae9061,and the difference between them were not significant under PEG6000treatment.Higher seed reserve utilization efficiency and germination percentage,longer coleoptiles in the alien addition lines Ae9041and Ae9061were observed than those in wheat Jinmai 47and Shi 4185under drought stress.Germination percentage,germination potential,coleoptile length,radicle length and shoot height of Ae9041and Ae9061were significantly higher than those of CS under 30% PEG stress.It was proposed that the alien addition lines could rapidly absorb water, germinate,prolong root and coleoptile to complete morphogenesis under drought stress.In summary, the addition of U^b chromosome enhanced the drought resistance of common wheat at germination stage.

关 键 词：小麦 抗旱性 萌发期 欧山羊草 U^b染色体附加 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330