全国芝麻区试(江淮片)品种主要农艺性状和品质特性的比较  

Comparison of Key Agronomic Characters and Quality Traits of Sesame Cultivars in National Field Trials (Jiang-Huai Area)

作　　者：刘红艳[1] 周芳[1] 周婷[1] 杨远霄 杨敏敏[1] 赵应忠[1] Liu Hongyan;Zhou Fang;Zhou Ting;Yang Yuanxiao;Yang Minmin;Zhao Yingzhong(Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology and Genetic Improvement, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan,430062)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2019年第12期4068-4079,共12页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31771877;31701468);国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-09);中国农科院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)共同资助

摘　　要：为比较全国芝麻区试(江淮片)品种主要农艺性状和品质特性,本研究以1990~2015年全国芝麻区域试验(江淮片)的历年汇总数据为资料,系统分析了中国江淮芝麻产区近30年来育成品种的农艺性状和品质特性的变化规律。结果表明,该芝麻产区的高产育种取得了较大进展,品种平均单产由1990-1999年的941.25 kg/hm^2持续增长到2011-2015年的1 235.25 kg/hm^2,增幅达31.24%;平均含油量从1990-1999年的54.58%提高到2011-2015年的55.47%,蛋白质含量从1990-1999年的20.98%提高到2011-2015的21.14%,品质有一定的提高(中间略有回落);茎点枯病病指由1990-1999年的8.82持续降低到2011-2015年的6.31,抗性提高了39.78%,枯萎病病指由1990-1999年的1.31降低到2011-2015的1.13,抗性提高了15.93%,抗病性有较大幅度提高;育成了一批高产、优质、综合性状较好的芝麻品种,如‘中芝12’、‘中芝13’、‘郑芝98N09’、‘驻芝15号’、‘鄂芝6号’等,在江淮芝麻产区发挥着重要的作用。今后需加强新品种选育力度,在充分利用现有资源的基础上,改进选择技术,进一步提高产量、品质与抗性。In order to compare the key agronomic characters and quality traits of sesame cultivars in national field trials (Jiang-Huai area), this study took the yield related data collected in the sesame national field trials (Jiang-Huai area) from 1990 to 2015 as materials to analyze the change rule of key agronomic traits and quality characteristics about 30 years in sesame production areas. The results indicated that great progresses have been achieved in the breeding of new sesame varieties. The mean seed yield in phase I (1990-1999) was 941.25 kg/hm2, which were further increased markedly and steadily to 1 235.25 kg/hm2 (increased by 31.24%) in the period of 2011- 2015. However, in the same periods the seed qualities were only improved slightly from 54.58% to 55.47% for oil content and from 20.98% to 21.14% for protein content, respectively, being accompanied by a minor decline in the middle of the time point. On the other hand, disease resistance was significantly improved by 39.78% for stem blight and 15.93% for Fusarium wilt, respectively. The stem blight index was reduced from 8.82 to 6.31 during 1990 to 1999, and Fusarium wilt index was declined from 1.31 to 1.13. Moreover, this method cultured several leading sesame varieties (such as 'Zhongzhi No. 12','Zhongzhi No. 13','Zhengzhi 98N09','Zhuzhi No. 15','Ezhi No.6') bearing high yield and optimal seed quality, which played an important role in Jiang-Huai area. In the future, we should strengthen the breeding of new varieties and improve selection technique, as well as further improve yield, quality and resistance, based on full use of existing resources.

关 键 词：芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.) 农艺性状 品质 抗性 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]