全球气候治理中的知识供给与话语权竞争——以中国气候研究影响IPCC知识塑造为例  

Knowledge Supply and Discourse Competition in Global Climate Governance——A Case Study of China’s Climate Research and IPCC Knowledge Production

作　　者：李昕蕾[1] LI Xinlei

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2019年第4期32-70,I0002,I0003,共41页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：山东大学人文社科青年团队项目“全球治理中人类命运共同体国际话语权建设的外交机制研究”(项目编号:IFYT18027);山东大学青年学者未来计划资助;国家社科基金重大项目“习近平生态文明思想研究”(项目编号:18ZDA003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："科学共识"其实是一种"非中性"知识框定过程,不同国家在全球气候治理体系中的知识塑造能力决定其能否在话语权竞争中占据优势。目前欧美西方国家凭借其对气候知识生产和科学评估的结构性主导权,在科学与政治的互动中获得了更多的话语权,加剧了"南北分割"下的话语不平等与治理合法性赤字。随着发展中国家在气候治理中影响权重和治理诉求的不断提高,中国亟需在气候治理共有知识的塑造过程中发挥能动性作用,从知识供给角度提升知识权威和话语影响力。从知识供给视角分析气候话语权的塑造,意味着不能仅仅关注气候知识的生产过程,还需要关注相应的影响策略和话语传播能力。通过评估中国气候研究对于IPCC第五份报告的话语塑造,可以看出中国在气候知识供给中的话语合法化、话语公共化和话语有效化均有待提升。鉴于IPCC第六份评估报告的撰写已进入关键性阶段,中国应该把握通过自身气候研究影响IPCC知识建构的重要机会窗口期,提升话语生产质量,通过议程设置和议程管理等推进话语的制度化嵌入,优化传播机制、拓展平台,以增强话语的规范扩散和受众接纳度,更有效地影响国际层面的共有知识生产,强化在全球气候科学评估中的知识输入和规范塑造,从根本上提升中国在全球气候政治中的话语权和制度性权力。Scientific consensus is a process of knowledge production. The knowledge-production capacity of different countries in global climate governance determines whether they can claim an advantageous position in discourse competition. At present, western countries have gained more voice in the interaction between science and politics by virtue of their structural dominance in climate knowledge production and scientific assessment. Under such circumstances, the discourse inequality and the deficit of governance legitimacy under the "North-South Segmentation" aggravated. As the influence and appeal of developing countries continue to increase in climate governance. China needs to play an active role in knowledge production of climate governance so as to promote its authority and discursive power in knowledge supply. In this regard, we should pay attention not only to the climate knowledge production process, but also to influence strategies and dissemination capacity. By evaluating the impact of China's climate research on the discourse of the fifth report of the IPCC, we can see that there is still room for improvement in the legalization and publicity of discourse, and the effectiveness of discourse dissemination on the part of China. Since the drafting of the sixth IPCC assessment report has entered into a critical stage, China should seize this opportunity to make some impact on the knowledge production of the IPCC with its own climate research. For such a purpose, China needs to improve the quality of discourse production, promote institutionalized embedding of its discourse through agenda setting and agenda management, optimize the dissemination mechanism and expand the dissemination platform to facilitate norm diffusion and discourse acceptance. In order to significantly enhance China's voice and institutional power in global climate politics ,China should exert a strong influence on global climate science assessment with its own research.

关 键 词：全球气候治理 知识供给 话语权竞争 IPCC评估报告 中国气候研究 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] D820[政治法律—政治学]