山西省畜禽粪污年产生量估算及环境效应  

Estimation of annual production amount of livestock and poultry manure and its environmental effect in Shanxi Province,China

作　　者：李丹阳[1] 孙少泽 马若男 李国学[1] 李恕艳[1] LI Dan-yang;SUN Shao-ze;MA Ruo-nan;LI Guo-xue;LI Shu-yan(College of Resource and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2019年第4期480-486,共7页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：农业部、财政部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-39-19)~~

摘　　要：为了解山西省畜禽粪便产生量及其环境效应,根据《山西统计年鉴2017》中畜禽养殖数据,估算了2016年山西省畜禽粪污产生量。结果表明,2016年山西省畜禽粪便总排放量约为3410.97万t,按年粪便产生量排序,依次为牛>羊>猪>鸡>兔。畜禽粪污的总氮、总磷、总化学需氧量、总生化需氧量、总氨氮产生量分别为23.54、7.56、75.97、70.85万t和7.72万t。畜禽粪便发酵可产沼气总量约为21.33亿m^3,畜禽粪便产沼气潜力相当于山西省天然气年消费量的25.42%。2016年山西省平均单位耕地面积畜禽粪尿氮、磷养分负荷分别为63.28、20.32kg hm^-2,均未超过欧盟粪肥年施氮和年施磷限量标准,畜禽粪便耕地负荷预警值为0.38,为Ⅰ级。然而从区域分布的角度来看,太原,晋城和晋中三市的单位耕地面积畜禽粪尿磷负荷超过了欧盟粪肥年施磷限量标准,除了临汾和运城,山西省其他地市的畜禽粪便农田负荷量对环境有不同程度的威胁。因此,迫切需要对部分重点区域进行畜禽养殖粪便综合管理。In order to understand the pollution status of livestock and poultry breeding in Shanxi Province, according to the animal breeding data from Shanxi Statistical Yearbook of 2017, the production amount of livestock and poultry manure was estimated in Shanxi Province in 2016. The results showed that the amount of livestock and poultry manure was 34.109 7 million tons. For the annual amounts of livestock manure excrements, the rank was cattle>sheep>pig>chicken>rabbit. The amount of TN、TP、CODCr、BOD5 and NH3-N were 0.235 4、 0.075 6、0.759 7、0.708 5 million tons and 0.077 2 million tons, respectively. The biogas potential production from the animal manure in the year 2016 totaled 2.133 billion cubic meters, which was 25.42% of natural gas consumption in Shanxi Province. Nitrogen and phosphorus cropland load of livestock manure were 63.28 kg·hm^-2 and 20.32 kg·hm^-2, which did not exceed the limits of annual nitrogen and phosphorus application of European Union. The alarm value of livestock manure load was 0.38, at Ⅰ level. However, from the perspective of regional distribution, phosphorus cropland load of livestock manure exceeded the standard of annual phosphorus application for manure in Taiyuan, Jincheng and Jinzhong City. In addition to Linfen and Yuncheng City, the farmland load of livestock manure posed a threat to the environment at certain degree in other areas of Shanxi Province. It was concluded that it was urgent to take comprehensive management for livestock manure in some special areas.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 排放量估算 沼气潜力 耕地负荷 山西省 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]