基于期望感知价格的公共机构差异化停车收费  

Differentiated Charges of Public Parking Based on the Expected Perceived Price

作　　者：李军[1] 关颂衡 LI Jun;GUAN Song-heng(Research Center of Intelligent Transportation System,School of Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学智能交通研究中心广东省智能交通系统重点实验室

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2019年第19期349-355,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

摘　　要：公共机构停车场的收费价格过低导致停车资源匮乏,还出现了非服务对象占用服务对象停车位的现象。为了提高车辆周转率、明确设置公共机构停车场是为服务对象提供车位的初衷,制定了公共机构差异化停车收费方案。对于服务对象,选取出租车出行进行出行成本的对比;而对于非服务对象,则选取附近停车场进行对比,然后结合logit离散选择模型分别计算服务对象以及非服务对象对停车收费价格的期望感知价格。利用期望感知价格的弹性确定出行者对停车收费价格的心理底线。对于合理的停车需求,采用设置合理的公共停车场分担率的方法优化停车场收费价格。对于非合理的停车需求,取出行者心理能够承受的最大停车收费价格为优化价格。以广东省人民医院为例,通过本文的优化方法得出的价格方案,能够使选择在医院停车场停车的非服务对象由88%大幅下降至15%,更好地服务有需要的服务对象。同时能够有效地引导服务对象选择其他出行方式就医,选择私家车出行的服务对象将由85%下降至50%,能够缓解停车场停车难的问题。The low price of public parking leads to the shortage of parking resources, as well as the phenomenon of non-service vehicles occupying parking spaces for clients. In order to improve vehicle turnover rate and be clear about the original intention that public parking lot were set to provide parking space for clients, a differentiated charges scheme was developed for public parking. For the clients, the taxi travel was selected to carry on the travel cost comparison, but for the non-service vehicles, the nearby parking lot was selected to compare. Then we combines the Logit discrete selection model to calculate the clients as well as the non-service vehicles to the parking charge understanding expectation utility. And using the elastic function to determine the traveler's psychological bottom line of parking fee. For reasonable parking demand, the method of setting reasonable sharing rate of public parking is adopted to optimize the parking fee. For the unreasonable one, the optimal price is the maximum parking price that the traveler can bear. Taking Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital as an example, the optimized price obtained can reduce the number of non-service vehicles who choose to park in the public parking lot from 88% to 15%, and better serve the clients in need. At the same time, it can effectively guide clients to choose other way of travel for medical treatment, and the number of clients choosing private cars will decrease from 85% to 50%, which can alleviate the problem of parking difficulty.

关 键 词：交通工程 公共机构 差异化收费 期望感知价格 弹性函数 

分 类 号：U492.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]