我国少数民族传统医药知识特别权利保护制度构建的几个问题  

On the Construction about Sui Generis Rights of Traditional Medicine of Ethnic Minorities in China

作　　者：严永和[1] 王晓 Yan Yonghe;Wang Xiao

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院

出　　处：《民族研究》2019年第2期9-23,M0002,共16页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：我国少数民族传统医药知识是指少数民族一个或者多个村寨或者代表性传承人在长期的生产生活过程中创造和传承的、仅在村寨内部或者村寨间公开的传统医药产品与方法;这些传统医药知识十分丰富,具有重要的经济社会价值,是民族地区防治疾病与保健的重要医疗资源,也是研发新药的重要途径。少数民族传统医药知识遭到大量不合理使用或者盗用,面临着广泛的失去知识产权的风险。现行知识产权制度与我国少数民族传统医药知识保护存在抵触。构建特别权利制度,是我国少数民族传统医药知识产权保护的重要制度选择。我国少数民族传统医药知识产权保护条件,包括新颖性、创造性、实用性、集体性、传统性;其权利内容包括积极权利与消极权利;其权利限制主要表现为合理使用、强制许可使用、传统性与习惯性使用、保护期限限制;其特别权利保护制度主要涵盖权利客体、权利主体、保护条件、权利内容、权利限制等制度要素。The traditional medicine knowledge of Chinese ethnic minorities refers to the traditional medicine productions and methods,which are created,preserved and developed during the long process of manufacture and livelihood by one or more villages,or the representative successors for intangible cultural heritage projects,which are just open in their own villages or inter-villages.The rich knowledge has significant economic and social values and is viewed as important resources to prevent and treat diseases in ethnic minority areas,based upon which new medicine could be researched and developed.The knowledge is being used without permission or illegally on a large scale and There is a risk of widespread loss of its intellectual property.The existing intellectual property system conflicts with traditional medicine knowledge protection of ethnic minorities in China.To construct sui generis rights of traditional medicine knowledge of ethnic minorities is an important institutional option.The requirement for protection should be innovative,creative,practical,collective,and traditional.Its rights contain positive rights and negative rights.The limitations of its rights were exemplified by fair use,compulsory permission,traditional and customary use,and limitation of protective time.The institutional elements of sui generis rights protection are composed of object of right,subject of right,criteria for eligibility,content of the rights,exceptions and limitations,etc..

关 键 词：少数民族 传统医药知识 知识产权 特别权利 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]