匙吻鲟形态特征及其两种同工酶的电泳分析  

Morphological characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of two kinds of isozymes in Polyodon spathuln

作　　者：张涛[1] 吴金平[1] 陈建武[1] 何力[1] ZHANG Tao;WU Jin-ping;CHEN Jian-wu;HE Li(Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Wuhan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fish Germplasm Quality Supervision and Testing Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部水产品质量安全风险评估实验室(武汉)农业部淡水鱼类种质监督检验测试中心中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2019年第3期15-22,30,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项(GJFP201700902)

摘　　要：【目的】为了解匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathuln)的形态特征和生化遗传特性,为其制定种质标准和种质鉴定提供理论依据.【方法】采用传统形态学方法测定31尾匙吻鲟的可量性状和可数性状,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳对匙吻鲟5种组织(心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、脾脏和肝脏)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酯酶(EST)进行了分析.【结果】匙吻鲟的主要形态特征:体表裸露无鳞、光滑,背部灰黑色,常有一些斑点夹杂于其中,两侧逐渐变灰,腹部灰白色.头部有一大而长、形如匙柄的吻,眼小.口大,位于吻末端腹面.尾鳍歪形,上叶长于下叶;尾柄披有梗节状甲鳞.鳍式为背鳍D.37~46、胸鳍P.23~28、腹鳍V.27~34和臀鳍A.25~39.体内骨骼大部分由软骨组成,鳃耙长且排列细密.鳔为一室,呈梭形.2)匙吻鲟的心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、脾脏和肝脏中的LDH酶带条数分别为3~4、3~4、1~2、4~5和5条;EST酶带数分别为2、0、1~2、2和4~5条.【结论】匙吻鲟形态特征研究结果可以为其种质鉴定和制定种质标准提供参考依据.匙吻鲟的2种同工酶系统具有组织特异性,心脏组织EST同工酶可作为鉴定匙吻鲟种质的生化遗传标记.【Objective】 To study the morphological and biochemical genetic characteristics of Polyodon spathuln,and to provide a theoretical basis for making germplasm standards and germplasm identification.【Method】 The traditional morphological method is used to determine the measurable and countable traits of the experimental fish samples.Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate esterase (EST) express in five tissues (heart,eye lens,muscle,spleen and liver) from 31 P.spathuln by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.【Result】 The major morphological characteristics of the P.spathuln are as follows: body was smooth and scaleless,back was grey and dark with some spots,lateral sides are growing grey and abdomen is grey and white.A long spoon handle-shaped snout can be seen on the head with small eyes.Big mouth is located in the abdomen of the distal snout.The upper lobe of Y-shaped caudal fin is longer than the lower lobe.Caudal peduncle is covered with stalk-shaped scale.The fin formula is D.37~46,P.23~28,V.27~34 and A.25~39.Most of the endoskeletons are composed of cartilage.Gill rackers are very long and closely arranged.The shuttle-shaped air bladder has one chamber.The numbers of LDH bands expressed in heart,eye lens,muscle,spleen and liver of the P.spathuln are 3~4,3~4,1~2,4~5 and 5,respectively;while the numbers of EST bands expressed in the five tissues are 2,0,1~2,2 and 4~5,respectively.【Conclusion】 The research about morphological characteristics can provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of the germplasm standards and the germplasm identification of P.spathuln .The two kinds of isozymes of P.spathuln present tissue specificity.The EST isozymes expressed in heart can be used as the biochemical genetic marker of P.spathuln .

关 键 词：匙吻鲟 形态特征 乳酸脱氢酶 酯酶 组织特异性 生化遗传标记 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]