节水盆栽模式下瓜叶菊对不同基质的响应  

Response of Pericallis hybrida Cineraria to different substrates under the water-saving pot cultivation model

作　　者：张春华 尹陈茜[1,3] 张丽 冯烨 于晓英[1,3] ZHANG Chun-hua;YIN Chen-xi;ZHANG Li;FENG Ye;YU Xiao-ying(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Changsha Social Work College,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺园林学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]长沙民政职业技术学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]湖南省中亚热带优质花木繁育与利用工程技术中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2019年第3期62-68,77,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：湖南省科技计划项目(2018TP2007);湖南省科技厅重点研发计划项目(品牌花卉盆栽盆景关键技术研究,2016NK2100);长沙市城市管理和行政执法局项目(长沙市都市园艺植物应用模式及其关键栽培技术,17191)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨节水盆栽模式下瓜叶菊对不同基质的适应能力.【方法】以瓜叶菊品种“小丑”为试材,设2种盆栽模式:节水盆栽模式(T),普通盆栽模式(CK)和5种基质:河沙(1)、珍珠岩(2)、蛭石(3)、有机土(4)、有机土∶珍珠岩(5),共组成10处理,研究节水盆栽模式下不同基质对瓜叶菊的生长及生理指标的影响.【结果】从物理性状看,4、5号基质均在栽培基质适宜范围,节水盆栽模式下4号基质失水量最少;各处理种子发芽率差异显著,其中T1、T3处理种子发芽率最高(93.33±0.06%);除T4根冠比外的生长指标均显著高于其他处理;T4光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度最高,分别为(11.51±0.17)μmol/(m^2·s)、(0.15±0.01)mmol/(m^2·s)、(305.60±1.41)μmol/(m^2·s);其气孔限制值为最低(0.24±0.00)mmol/(m2·s),瞬时水分利用效率最高(9.52±0.14)mmol/(m^2·s).【结论】T1、T3可提高瓜叶菊种子发芽率,可见节水盆栽模式下1、3号基质为种子萌发较为适宜基质;T4瓜叶菊表现出生长优良、花数多、花期长,高效节水,可见节水盆栽模式下4号基质为瓜叶菊生长较为适宜基质.【Objective】 To study the adaptability of Pericallis hybrida to different substrates under the water-saving pot cultivation model.【Method】 The growth and physiological indexes of Pericallis hybrida under water-saving pot cultivation were studied with the cultivar ‘Clown’ as the tested material with water-saving pot cultivation model(T),ordinary pot cultivation model(CK) and 5 substrates: sand (1),perlite (2),vermiculite (3),organic (4),organic + perlite (5).【Result】 According to the physical properties,treatment 4 and 5 were suitable,and the water loss was the least in treatment 4 under water-saving pot cultivation.The seed germination rate under different treatments was significantly different,the highest germination rate was found in T1 and T3 (93.33±0.06%).The growth indexes of T4 were significantly higher than those of other treatments except root-shoot ratio.T4 performed the highest photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration (11.51±0.17)μmol/(m^2·s),(0.15±0.01) mmol/(m^2·s),(305.60±1.41)μmol/(m^2·s) respectively).When the stomatal limit value was the lowest,(0.24±0.00) mmol/(m^2·s),the instantaneous water use efficiency was the highest (9.52±0.14) mmol/(m^2·s).【Conclusion】 Treatment T1 and T3 improved the seed germination of Pericallis hybrida,treatment 1 and 3 were the best substrates under the water-saving pot cultivation model.T4 showed good growth,large number of flowers,long flowering period and high efficiency.Treatment 4 was the most suitable substrate under the water-saving pot cultivation model.

关 键 词：瓜叶菊 基质 节水 生长 发育 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]