国联调查团的预演:九一八事变后的中立观察员派遣  

A Preview of the Commission of the League of Nations: Neutral Observers after the September Eighteenth Incident

作　　者：陈海懿 Chen Haiyi

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2019年第2期4-22,M0003,共20页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：国家社会科学基金抗日战争研究专项工程“李顿调查团档案翻译与研究”(16KZD017)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：九一八事变后,国际联盟对中日冲突的处理进展缓慢,原因之一是缺乏有关中国东北的实地信息。中国要求国联派遣调查团,而日本以中日直接谈判为由进行阻挠,但又不得不默认已经身处中日两国的第三方人员可以前往中国东北观察。在国联正式派遣调查团之前,英美和国联的中立观察员们扮演了搜集信息的角色,派遣观察员的过程及观察报告使英美等方可以了解事变情况,推动国联处理中日冲突的进程%中立观察员的派遣不仅缓解了国联获取实地信息的压力,而且使中国坚定了依靠国联的初衷,并促使日本转变关于派遣国联调查团的立场%中立观察员派遣与国联调查团的组建具有内在逻辑统一性,是国联调查团的预演。After the September Eighteenth Incident, the League of Nations made slow progress in dealing with the Sino-Japanese conflict, one of the reasons being the lack of field information about Northeast China. China asked the League of Nations te send a commission to investigate facts, whilo Japan blocked it on the grounds of direct neaotiations between China and Japan, but had to acquiesce that the third party personnei already in China and Japan could go to Northeast China to have observations. Prioe to the formal dispatch of a commission by the Leaaue of Nations, the neutral observers of the Great Britain, United States and the Leaaue of Nations played the rolo of gathering information. The process of sending observers and the observation reports enabled the Great Britain, the United States and othee parties te understand the Incident and promote the process of the Leaaue of Nations in dealing with the Sino-Japanese conflict. The dispatch of neutral observers not only alleviated the pressure on the Leaaue of Nations te obtain information on the ground, but alse strengthened China's original intention of relying on the Leaaue of Nations, and prompted Japan to change its position on the dispatch of a commission of the Leaaue of Nations. The dispatch Neutrai observers and the formation of the Commission of the Leaaue of Nations had inherent logical unity, being a preview of the Commission the League of Nations.

关 键 词：九一八事变 国际联盟 国联调查团 中立观察员 

分 类 号：D829.313[政治法律—政治学] K264.3[政治法律—外交学]