实验小流域尺度下高精度水位计的比测分析  

Intercomparison of high-accuracy water level gauges in the scale of small experimental catchment

作　　者：廖爱民[1,2] 刘九夫[1,2] 张建云[1] 姜广旭 郑锦涛 王妞[1,2] LIAO Aimin;LIU Jiufu;ZHANG Jianyun;JIANG Guangxu;ZHENG Jintao;WANG Niu(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;Chuzhou Hydrology Laboratory,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Chuzhou 239080,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]南京水利科学研究院滁州水文实验基地,安徽滁州239080

出　　处：《水科学进展》2019年第3期337-347,共11页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(91647203; 51609145)~~

摘　　要：目前,小流域的水文实验迫切需要高精度的水位数据,但常规使用的厘米级水位计难以满足实验小流域测量水位的高精度要求。为了帮助实验小流域选择适用的高精度水位计,初选出多种较高精度的水位计,系统开展了4个比测实验,包括静水稳定性、阶步式升降水位、现场模拟洪峰和天然径流过程比测。结果表明:根据综合绝对误差,探针式、压力式2型(电容型)和磁致伸缩式水位计精度达到0.4 mm以内,浮子式水位计的精度为 0.5 mm ,压力式1型(电阻型)水位计精度达不到毫米级;磁致伸缩式水位计可以精确地获取低水头条件下的水位过程,适合实验小流域的高精度水位监测。比测结果可为径流、降雨、蒸发和下渗等过程的高精度监测提供参考。At present,high-accuracy water level data are urgently required for small experimental catchments. However,conventional water level gauges (WLGs) with an accuracy of one centimeter do not meet the need of high-accuracy water levels. To determine an applicable high-accuracy WLG for small experimental catchments,we primarily selected five types of relatively high-accuracy WLGs,and systematically compared these gauges under the following four conditions:a stationary water level,step-by-step increasing and decreasing water levels,a simulated food peak,and a natural rainfall-runoff process in situ. The results demonstrated that:① Based on the comprehensive absolute error,the accuracies of probing-needle,pressure-type model 2(i.e. capacitance-type),and magnetostriction WLGs were within 0.4 mm;② The accuracy of the float-type WLG was around 0.5 mm;③ The accuracy of the pressure-type model 1(i.e. resistance-type) WLG was higher than 1 mm;and ④ the magnetostriction WLG can accurately determine water level processes under the condition of low water head;therefore,this gauge is suitable for the measurement of high-accuracy water levels in small experimental catchments. These findings provide a significant reference for high-accuracy monitoring runoff,rainfall,evaporation,and infiltration processes.

关 键 词：水位计 高精度 比测实验 实验小流域 

分 类 号：P334[天文地球—水文科学]