上海海洋生态系统健康评价方法的比较分析  

A comparative analysis of the Ocean Health Index and the Pressure-State-Response evaluation methods for Shanghai’s ocean ecosystem health

作　　者：吴珍 陈睿山[1] WU Zhen;CHEN Rui-shan(Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education),School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理科学学院地理信息科学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期174-187,共14页Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41401094);国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室开放研究基金(LMEB201713);崇明生态岛研究院(IEC)资助

摘　　要：海洋对于人类有重要的意义,不仅可以调节全球气候,而且在提供食物、生计和娱乐方面也发挥至关重要的作用.党的十八大提出提高海洋资源开发能力,发展海洋经济,保护海洋生态环境,坚决维护国家海洋权益,建设海洋强国.上海作为全球特大沿海城市,有必要弄清其海洋生态系统健康的变化趋势和现状,以及城市与海洋之间的相互作用关系.基于国内外海洋生态系统健康评价方法,本文对比了“海洋健康指数”(Ocean Health Index, OHI)和“压力-状态-响应”(Pressure-State-Response, PSR)这两种不同的评价方法,完成了对上海海洋生态系统健康的变化趋势及现状的评价.评价结果表明,2009年以来,上海海洋生态系统的健康状况在改善,2015年呈亚健康状态.相对而言,“压力-状态-响应”(PSR)模型更适用于上海海域.The ocean is of great significance to humanity.It not only regulates the global climate,but it also plays a vital role in providing food,livelihood,and entertainment.The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed: improving the capabilityfor marine resource exploration,developing the marine economy,protecting the marine ecological environment,firmly safeguarding the rights and interests of the nation's seas,and building a strong maritime nation.As one of the world's mega coastal cities,Shanghai must understand the changing trends and status of its ocean ecosystem health,and the interaction between cities and oceans.The current challenges for Shanghai's ocean coast are marine pollution,land reclamation,and typhoon storms caused by global changes.Based on evaluation methods for ocean ecosystem health,both in China and abroad,this paper compares two different evaluation methods: the Ocean Health Index (OHI) and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR).The paper evaluates the changing trends and status of Shanghai's ocean ecosystem health.The evaluation results of the two methods show that Shanghai's ocean ecosystem became healthier since 2009;it was,however,foundto be in a state of sub-standard health in 2015.The "Pressure-State-Response"(PSR) model,moreover,was found to be most suitable for Shanghai.This study provides scientific advice for the development of land and sea in Shanghai,as well as research cases for other coastal cities.

关 键 词：海洋健康指数 压力-状态-响应模型 海洋生态系统健康状况 上海 

分 类 号：P964[天文地球—自然地理学]