批判与重构:论作为准防卫过当的假想防卫过当  

Critique and Reconstruction: Excessive Hypothetic Defense as a Form of Quasi Excessive Defense

作　　者：吴尚聪 WU Shangcong(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《法学论坛》2019年第4期80-89,共10页Legal Forum

摘　　要：假想防卫过当存在着性质不清、罪过不明、处罚失据三个问题。假想防卫过当虽然兼具假想防卫和防卫过当的一面,但其中防卫过当起着主导、支配作用,因此假想防卫过当的性质应属于“准防卫过当”。由于假想防卫过当性质由防卫过当主导,属于准防卫过当,因此同防卫过当一样,其罪过形态包括故意和过失,特殊情形下成立意外事件。又由于假想防卫过当毕竟不是真正意义上的防卫过当,欠缺形式上的合法性与实质上的正当性,再加上理论本身的合理性存有疑问,以及缺乏现实的可操作性,认为假想防卫过当可以适用《刑法》第20条第2款关于防卫过当减免处罚规定的观点不足取。但基于刑事政策的考虑,可以在量刑上对其予以适当从宽处罚。Three problems exists in the study of excessive hypothetical defense at present;first,its nature is unclear;second,the crime is unknown;third,its punishment lacks evidence.Although excessive hypothetical defense embodies both hypothetical and excessive defense,hypothetical defense in advance,according to the motivation theory and intervening factor theory of relative causation,excessive defense plays a dominant role in the entire excessive hypothetical defense and therefore determines the nature of excessive hypothetical defense.And because there does not exist real unlawful infringement in excessive hypothetical defense which is not the true excessive defense,excessive hypothetical defense in its nature should be considered as“quasi excessive defensive”.It is considered that the hypothetical defense should be applicable to the provisions of article 20,paragraph 2,of the Penal Code,on the defense of excessive penalties.But based on criminal policy considerations,it can be in the sentencing on its appropriate leniency.

关 键 词：假想防卫 防卫过当 假想防卫过当 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]