APP外部性的市场有效逻辑:产权动态化均衡与用户资本化  

Market Effective Logic of APP Externality: Dynamic Equilibrium of Property Rights and User Capitalization

作　　者：向国成[1,2] 谌亭颖 邓明君[1] 童乙伦[1] XIANG Guocheng;CHEN Tingying;DENG Mingjun;TONG Yilun(School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;College of Economics and Trade, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学商学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南工商大学经济与贸易学院,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2019年第4期76-87,共12页Modern Economic Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“建立农村劳动力转换就业长效机制研究”(11JZD018)

摘　　要：本文旨在用博弈论方法解析APP共享经济外部性的市场有效逻辑,阐明共享经济中呈现出的免费现象,并不是市场失灵理论的失灵。基于APP软件下载、信息使用和产品交易三阶段博弈中用户人数与软件、信息和产品供应方在收费、闲置资源、潜在消费上的内在关系,得出三类七个动态均衡解及其产权界定路径。产权动态化均衡说明,共享经济中的免费现象本质上是节省界定产权的外生交易成本与节省产权界定不清引起内生交易成本之间两难冲突的折中决定了产权清晰与模糊程度,决定了在哪些环节免费、哪些环节收费。通过用户资本化的创新定义,证明了用户资本化的价值法则和门槛法则,阐释了用户量决定APP网络分工效应的基本逻辑。正是基于产权动态化的外部性市场有效和用户资本化的网络分工效应的有机统一,使得共享经济中生产者与消费者的角色转换更为灵活,能够充分地利用闲置资源、激发潜在消费,极大地促进了共享经济的发展。The purpose of this paper is to analyze the market-efficient logic of APP sharing economic externality by game theory and to clarify that the free phenomenon in shared economy is not the failure of market failure theory. Based on the relationship between the number of users and software, information and product suppliers in charging, idle resources and potential consumption in the three-stage game of APP downloading, information usage and product transaction, three types of seven dynamic equilibrium solutions and their property rights definition path. Equilibrium of property rights shows that the free economy in the shared economy is essentially a compromise between the exogenous transaction costs of saving property rights and the unclear definition of property rights that cause endogenous transaction costs, which determines the degree of clarity and ambiguity of property rights. In what links are free of charge, what links are not. Through the definition of innovation of user capitalization, we prove the value rule and threshold rule of user capitalization, and explain the basic logic of users’ decision of APP network division effect. It is exactly the organic unity of the external market efficiency based on the dynamic property rights and the network division of labor of users’ capitalization, which makes the role conversion between producer and consumer more flexible in the shared economy. It can make full use of idle resources, stimulate potential consumption, greatly promote the development of shared economy.

关 键 词：APP 市场外部性 市场失灵 产权动态化均衡 用户资本化 共享经济 

分 类 号：F724.6[经济管理—产业经济]