荒漠草原脉动性降水格局及其时空变化特征——以达尔罕茂明安联合旗为例  

Precipitation pulse patterns and their spatiotemporal variation in desert steppes: a case study in the Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner

作　　者：宋一凡[1,2] 卢亚静 郭中小[1] 徐晓民[1] 郝伟罡[1] 刘慧文 韩振华[1] SONG Yifan;LU Yajing;GUO Zhongxiao;XU Xiaomin;HAO Weigang;LIU Huiwen;HAN Zhenhua(Institute of Water Resources Science of Pasturing Area of the Ministry of Water Resources,Huhhot 010020,China;Water Resources Department,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100048,China;Power China Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100038 [3]北京市水科学技术研究院,北京100048 [4]中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京100024

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第11期3952-3966,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项项目(MK2016J16,MK2016J15);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2017MS0516)

摘　　要：全球变化背景下,荒漠草原降水格局受到不同程度扰动,识别荒漠草原变化环境下脉动性降水格局及其时空变化特征具有重要生态学和水文学意义。利用达尔罕茂明安联合旗位于不同雨量带的3个气象站1960-2013年日降水数据,分析荒漠草原地区降水格局及其时空变化特征。研究表明,研究区0-5mm、5-10mm和大于10mm降水事件及降水量所占的比例分别为77%-80.9%、11.5%-12.2%、7.6%-10.9%和25.2%-32.2%、21.9%-25.4%、42.4%-52.9%。不同等级降水事件日均降水量分别为1.2-1.3 mm/d、7.0-7.1 mm/d、17.8-19.2 mm/d。研究区降水量较降水日数具有更强的时空变异性,全年和生长季降水日数和降水量主周期在2.84-4.5a左右。研究区不同雨量带不同降水等级降水日数和降水量普遍呈增加趋势,尤以0-5mm小降水事件的增加为主。Against the backdrop of global climate change, precipitation patterns in desert steppes have undergone varying degrees of disturbance. There is a particular significance in recognizing these alterations for both the hydrology and ecology of the changing environments of desert steppes. In this study, daily data from three meteorological stations located in regions of different precipitation gradients in the Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner were used to analyze precipitation patterns in desert steppes and their variation characteristics. Unlike previous studies on this topic, this research utilized precipitation events from areas of different precipitation gradients for comparison at the same temporal scale. Precipitation events of different levels were analyzed to determine the precipitation composition of desert steppes and its spatiotemporal variation. The results indicated that, overall, as the annual precipitation decreased, the fluctuation in the number of precipitation days and the precipitation amount in the study area gradually increased. Also, the fluctuations in precipitation amount were significantly greater than the fluctuations in the number of precipitation days, which meant that precipitation amount had greater spatiotemporal variability than the number of precipitation days. The proportions of the number of precipitation days of 0-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and >10 mm precipitation events were 77%-80.9%, 11.5%-12.2%, and 7.6%-10.9%, respectively, while the precipitation amount proportions of 0-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and >10 mm precipitation events were 25.2%-32.2%, 21.9%-25.4%, and 42.4%-52.9%, respectively. The mean precipitation amounts on a rainy day with 0-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and >10 mm precipitation events were 1.2-1.3 mm/d, 7.0-7.1 mm/d, and 17.8-19.2 mm/d. From the annual distribution of precipitation events of different levels, which were affected by the combination of the southeast monsoon and the terrain, it could be seen that the 0-5 mm precipitation events were mainly concentrated from June to September in the gro

关 键 词：荒漠草原 脉动性 降水格局 变化特征 时空分析 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]