10种典型重金属在八大流域的生态风险及水质标准评价  

Ecological risk assessment and water quality standard evaluation of 10 typical metals in eight basins in China

作　　者：何佳[1,2] 时迪 王贝贝 冯承莲[1] 苏海磊[1] 王颖[1,3] 秦宁[1,4] HE Jia;SHI Di;WANG Bei-bei;FENG Cheng-lian;SU Hai-lei;WANG Ying;QIN Ning(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China;School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [3]北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院,北京102206 [4]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2019年第7期2970-2982,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41603113,41503104),创新研究群体项目(41521003);博士后科学基金面上项目(2016M591227);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-TP-18-071A1)

摘　　要：收集了10种典型重金属在我国八大流域水体中的暴露浓度和对水生生物的急性和慢性毒性数据,分别应用概率密度重叠面积法和联合概率分布法对重金属在各流域水体中的生态风险进行评估,并与现行水质标准的评估结果进行对比.结果显示,Cu和Zn在各流域水体中生态风险均较高,现行水质标准对水生生物Cu、Zn的暴露不能实施有效的保护;Hg和Ni现行标准对水生生物存在过保护的现象;Se、As和Sb在各流域水体中生态风险均较低,现行标准对水生生物保护程度适中.建议对现行水质标准适度修改,同时增强高风险重金属监测水平,以合理有效的保护我国水生态系统安全.Concentrations of 10 priority metals were compiled for eight major river basins in China.In addition,toxicology data of metals were collected and validated.The overlapping area and joint probability curve methods were adopted to characterize ecological risk and results were compared to current water quality standards.Copper and zinc were identified as the elements exhibiting the greatest potential to cause adverse effects to aquatic organisms.Current water quality criteria might not be sufficiently protective of aquatic organisms.Conversely,the water quality standards for mercury and nickel were deemed sufficient or even slightly over-protective of aquatic organisms.The ecological risks of selenium,arsenic and antimony were relatively low.Water quality standards were moderately protective for these three elements.It is suggested that current water quality standards should be revised and monitoring should be strengthened in order to provide effective protection for the aquatic ecosystem safety in China.

关 键 词：重金属 生态风险评估 水质标准 概率密度重叠面积法 联合概率分布法 

分 类 号：X50[环境科学与工程—环境工程]