牛粪:民国滇西傣族社会的景观、燃料及其权力秩序  

Cow dung:Mirror of the landscape,fuel and power order of the traditional Dai society of western Yunnan in the period of the Republic of China

作　　者：姚勇 YAO Yong(Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Safety and Development of Western China,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国西部边疆安全与发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第4期81-89,共9页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“近代中英滇缅边案问题研究”(19YJC770059);四川省社会科学研究规划项目(SC18C024)

摘　　要：牛粪曾是民国时期滇西傣族村落中最让外来观察者印象深刻的社会景观,并与谈之色变的瘴气联系在一起。在外来观察者眼中牛粪是瘴气的病源之一,而地方性知识中燃烧干牛粪则是抵御瘴气的办法。这一悖论背后的实质是柴薪问题,需要追溯山地与河谷社会之间的资源控制现象。傣族社会中形成土司贵族烧柴薪、僧侣烧榕树枝、平民烧牛粪的燃料使用格局,可对社区中乡约、宗教信仰与权力秩序得到新的理解。土司的柴薪需求,也加强了河谷与山地社会之间多重的互动关系。牛粪的案例研究中反映出滇缅边境山地社会对河谷的社会生活与权力秩序塑造及影响的现象。Cow dung,often associated with the scaring miasma,was the most impressive landscape for outsiders in the Dai villages of western Yunnan during the period of the Republic of China.The outsiders considered it a root cause of miasma while the local residents saw the burning of cow dung as a means against miasma.This paradox reveals the firewood problem which traced back to the resource control between the mountain society and the valley society.In the Dai society,the Tusi nobility used firewood,the monks burned banyan branches and the civilians burned the cow dung as the daily fuel,which could shed some light on the local moral behaviors,religious beliefs and power order.The demand of the Tusi for firewood also strengthened the interaction between the mountain society and the valley society.The case of cow dung reflects how the mountain society of the Yunnan-Burma borderland shaped the social life and power order of the valley society.

关 键 词：牛粪 傣族 景颇族 资源控制 

分 类 号：Q988[生物学—生态学]