不同提取方法对粳稻米糠油脂提取效果的研究  

Study on The Rice Bran Oil Extraction Effects by Different Extraction Methods

作　　者：赵优萍 唐思煜 张金建[1] 肖竹钱 蔡成岗[1,2,3] 沙如意 毛建卫[1,2,3] Zhao Youping;Tang Siyu;Zhang Jinjian;Xiao Zhuqian;Cai Chenggang;Sha Ruyi;Mao Jianwei(School of Biological and Chemical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing,Hangzhou 310023,China;Zhejiang ProvincialKey Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院生物与化学工程学院/轻工学院,杭州310023 [2]浙江省农业生物资源生化制造协同创新中心,杭州310023 [3]浙江省农产品化学与生物加工技术重点实验室,杭州310023

出　　处：《科技通报》2019年第6期80-86,共7页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2017C37049);浙江省重点研发计划(2015C02031);浙江省农业生物资源生化制造协同创新中心开放基金(2016KF0035,2016KF0044)

摘　　要：采用螺旋压榨法、液压压榨法和正己烷浸提法提取粳稻米糠油脂,研究了不同提取方法对粳稻米糠油脂提取率的影响与提取机理。以气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法、红外光谱(FT-IR)法对米糠油脂成分进行分析。采用超声辅助水酶法提取去油后粳稻米糠中的蛋白质,采用导数热分析(DTG)法和扫描电镜(SEM)对粳稻米糠和提油后米糠渣样品的物理性质进行分析,阐明了提取油脂过程及机制。分析表明:螺旋压榨法提油率为8.01%,其中以油酸含量最高,其次为亚油酸和棕榈酸,角鲨烯含量为1.41%;液压压榨法提油率为5.08%,油酸和亚油酸含量高,角鲨烯含量10.28%,棕榈酸含量最少;正己烷浸提法提油率为14.25%,含量较多的是油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸,并检测出肉豆蔻酸、菜油甾醇,未测出角鲨烯。DTG分析表明,水酶法提取蛋白后的米糠渣样品存在一定的差异,SEM分析发现采用不同的提取方法得到的剩余米糠渣在微观结构未见明显差异。研究结果为米糠油脂的制备方法提供了一定的实验参考。The effects of the screw press,hydraulic press and N-hexane extraction methods on Japonica rice bran oil extraction results and mechanism were studied by GC-MS and FT-IR.The proteins in the residues after removal of the oils were extracted by aqueous-enzyme method,and the residues were analyzed by DTG and SEM methods in order to elucidate the extraction mechanism.The results showed that,the extraction rate of oil screw press was of 8.01%,which containing the maximal oleic acid and then linoleic acid,palmitic acid and the least squalene of 1.41%,respectively;the oil extraction rate of hydraulic press method was of 5.08% with mainly of oleic acid and linoleic acid,the least is palmitic acid and the squalene was of 10.28%;the high content of oleic acid,linoleic acid and palmitic acid,as well as myristic acid,stigmasterol and sitosterol except for squalene were also detected by the N-hexane extraction method,which the extraction rate of was 14.25%.The different oils extracted were characterized by the IR method.Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that there were some differences between the residues after extraction of the proteins.There were no significant ultrastructure differences among the residues analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy,research and analysis should be further carried out though this research provided a basis for the rice bran oil extraction.

关 键 词：米糠油脂 螺旋压榨 液压压榨 正己烷浸提 提取效果 

分 类 号：TS210.9[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]