基于养分平衡理论的商洛市畜禽粪污土地承载力研究  

Study on Land Carrying Capacity from Livestock and Poultry Manure in Shangluo City Based on Nutrient Balance Theory

作　　者：王忙生[1] 张雁[1] 张双奇[1] 杨雷 WANG Mangsheng;ZHANG Yan;ZHANG Shuangqi;YANG Lei(Shangluo University,Shangluo Shaanxi 726000,China;Shangluo Center of Animal Husbandry Industry Development,Shangluo Shaanxi 726000,China)

机构地区：[1]商洛学院,陕西商洛726000 [2]商洛市畜牧产业发展中心,陕西商洛726000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2019年第7期1147-1157,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科学技术研究发展计划(2012K02-05);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划(16JK1237);商洛学院根植地方行动计划(GZ17018)~~

摘　　要：为了合理调控商洛市畜禽养殖规模和结构,促进土壤—种植—养殖的良性循环发展,也为保护丹江水源地水质安全提供基础数据,本研究基于土壤养分平衡理论,并运用《畜禽粪污土地承载力测算技术指南》,评估了2016年商洛市及其各区县畜禽粪污土地承载力水平。结果表明:2016年商洛市畜禽粪污(肥)施用比例为14.65%,畜禽粪污土地承载力按照氮磷养分估算分别为72.99万头猪当量和85.09万头猪当量,远低于实际存栏187.50万头猪当量;如果把畜禽粪肥施用比例提高到50%,商洛市畜禽粪污土壤承载力按氮磷养分估算可分别提高到249.11万头猪当量和290.41万头猪当量。在承载力249.11万头猪当量的理想状态下,全市耕地畜禽粪肥氮磷养分负荷分别为89.35 kg·hm^-2 ·a^-1 和15.32 kg·hm^-2 ·a^-1 ,耕地负荷较为安全;按2016年当季播种面积估算的承载力为5.07 头·hm^-2 ·a^-1 ,符合《指南》推介的标准。综上,商洛市2016年畜禽粪污土地承载力较低,应大幅度增加畜禽粪肥施用比例,减少化肥施用量,提高种植业和养殖业的生产潜力。In order to regulate the scale and structure of livestock and poultry cultivation in Shangluo city,promote the development of soil-planting-culture,and provide basic data for protecting the water quality of Danjiang river water source,the theory of Soil Nutrient Balance and the Technical Guide for Measuring the Land Carrying Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure was used to evaluate the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure in Shangluo city and its district and counties in 2016.The results showed that the proportion of livestock manure in Shangluo city was 14.65% in 2016,the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure was estimated to be 729 900 pig equivalents and 850 900 pig equivalent,respectively,which was far lower than the actual deposit of 1 875 000 pig equivalent and meant the low fertilization efficiency;if the manure application rate of livestock and poultry increased to 50%,the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure in Shangluo city could be 2 491 100 pig equivalents and 2 904 100 pig equivalent.Under the ideal condition of 2 491 100 pig equivalent carrying capacity,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient load of livestock and poultry of cultivated land could be 89.35 kg·hm^-2 ·a^-1 and 15.32 kg·hm^-2 ·a^-1 ,which was safe for cultivated land load;according to the sown area of 2016,land carrying was 5.07 head·hm^-2 ·a^-1 ,which met the criteria recommended in the Guide.Above all,the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure in Shangluo city was low,the application ratio of livestock and poultry manure should greatly increased and the amount of fertilizer should be reduced,which was helpful to improve planting and culture production potential.

关 键 词：养分平衡 畜禽粪污 土地承载力 养殖结构 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53