砂岩储集层粒间孔隙保存机制  

Preservation mechanisms of intergranular pores in sandstone reservoirs

作　　者：张鹏辉 Lee Yong Il 张金亮[4] 梁杰[5] 武英利[6] 袁勇[5] 王晋晨 刘璐晨 王正云 付俊杰 Zhang Penghui;Lee Yong Il;Zhang Jinliang;Liang Jie;Wu Yingli;Yuan Yong;Wang Jinchen;Liu Luchen;Wang Zhengyun;Fu Junjie(College of Oceanography,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210098,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Seoul National University,Seoul 08826,Korea;School of Natural Resources,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,Sinopec Exploration & Production Research Institute,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214151,China;Sinopec Shanghai Offshore Oil & Gas Company,Shanghai 200120,China;Shanghai Geophysical Exploration Branch,Sinopec Offshore Oil Engineering)

机构地区：[1]河海大学海洋学院 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室 [3]School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University [4]北京师范大学资源学院 [5]中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所 [6]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所 [7]中国石油化工股份有限公司上海海洋油气分公司 [8]中石化海洋石油工程有限公司上海物探分公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2019年第7期31-40,共10页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“下扬子地区下寒武统深水陆棚相富有机质泥页岩差异性成岩演化过程及其对孔隙发育的控制作用”(编号:41702162);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“南黄海盆地及邻区下寒武统泥页岩岩相表征”(编号:2018B02914);山东省自然科学基金博士基金项目“松辽盆地南部下白垩统辫状三角洲致密气砂岩储层差异性成岩演化过程对储层储集性能的影响”(编号:ZR2017BD034)

摘　　要：关于深埋藏、高温度条件下的砂岩储层孔隙保存研究在保存机理、适用条件、实验模拟等方面都存在着不少的争议。为了更好地剖析砂岩储层粒间孔隙保存的机理,在系统总结国内外学者近年来在砂岩粒间孔隙保存方面研究成果的基础上,阐述了颗粒包膜发育、孔隙流体超压、与外来盐体有关的热流扰动以及烃类充注等4种因素对储层质量的影响,并指出了孔隙保存机制未来的研究趋势与方向。研究结果表明:①颗粒包膜发育能够通过抑制石英增生而保存粒间孔隙,其中绿泥石膜主要集中发育在三角洲和河流相沉积环境中,砂岩粒度较粗且绿泥石膜粒表覆盖率较高的储集层易形成优质储层,其抑制石英胶结的效果优于伊利石膜,微晶石英膜则通过无定形硅与玉髓共生的纳米薄层以及微晶石英的集合来共同抑制石英增生;②孔隙流体超压主要通过抑制压实和压溶作用而成为浅层砂岩中一种主要的孔隙保存机制;③外来盐体的存在可以实现对地温的抑制,以减少砂岩储层的石英增生量,并且盐体较厚、侵位时间较早的砂岩更易保存较多的粒间孔隙;④油气充注对孔隙保存的影响程度尚难以定量评价。结论认为:目前对于影响深层砂岩粒间孔隙保存因素的分析预测仍停留在微观观测和实验模拟阶段,区域上的预测识别技术亟待进一步探索;基于孔隙保存机制认识下的砂岩储层孔隙度演化模拟是未来研究攻关的难点和重点。Studies on the preservation of pores in sandstone reservoirs under the conditions of great burial depth and high temperature are still in dispute in terms of preservation mechanisms, application conditions and experimental simulation. In order to better analyze the preservation mechanisms of intergranular pores in sandstone reservoirs, we reviewed domestic and foreign research achievements on the preservation of sandstone intergranular pores in recent years in this paper. Then, the effects on reservoir quality by grain coating development, pore fluid overpressure, heat flow disturbance related to foreign salt and hydrocarbon charging were described. Finally, the future research trend and direction on pore preservation mechanisms were pointed out. And the following research results were obtained. First, grain coating development can preserve intergranular pores by inhibiting quartz overgrowth. Chlorite coating is mainly developed in the sedimentary environments of delta and fluvial facies. Reservoirs with coarser sandstones and higher grain surface coverage ratio of chlorite coating tend to be high-quality reservoirs, and its inhibition on quartz cementation is superior to illite coating. Micritic quartz coating exerts an inhibition effect on quartz overgrowth by combining the nano-scale thin layer of syngenetic amorphous silicon and chalcedony with the aggregate of micritic quartz. Second, pore fluid overpressure is a kind of important pore preservation mechanism for shallow sandstones through inhibiting compaction and pressolution. Third, the existence of foreign salt can inhibit the geotemperature, so as to reduce the amount of quartz overgrowth in sandstone reservoirs. And in the sandstones with thicker salt and early emplacement, more intergranular pores can be preserved easily. Fourth, the influence degree of hydrocarbon charging on pore preservation can be hardly evaluated quantitatively. In conclusion, the analysis and prediction on the factors influencing the preservation of intergranular pores in deep sa

关 键 词：粒间孔隙 保存机制 储集层质量 成岩作用 砂岩储集层 颗粒包膜 孔隙流体超压 外来盐体 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]