墨西哥经济特区建设与中墨特区合作的机遇和挑战  

Mexican Special Economic Zone: Opportunities and Challenges

作　　者：周密 寇春鹤 Zhou Mi;Kou Chunhe

机构地区：[1]商务部国际贸易与经济合作研究院美洲与大洋洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2019年第3期60-82,156,共24页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：墨西哥是拉美地区举足轻重的大国,也是中国在该地区最重要的经贸合作伙伴之一。近年来北美贸易形势的变化和《美墨加协定》等一系列重要国际协定的出台使墨西哥在世界舞台上的地位更加突出。为适应外部环境变化,解决国内地区发展失衡问题,从培尼亚政府决定在南部地区设立经济特区,到奥夫拉多尔政府通过基础设施建设发展南部地区经济,均为中墨两国进一步深化合作提供了新机遇。本文首先对墨西哥经济特区设立的背景、基本情况及相关政策法规进行了阐述,并以更加宏观的视角对各特区所在州的资源禀赋、基础设施、劳动力素质和经贸发展情况进行了介绍。在此基础之上,结合中国自身的发展经验、墨西哥面临的现实问题、拉美地区的形势变化和当前国际贸易面临的复杂环境,对中墨经济特区合作的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行了剖析,最后提出了有效推动双边合作的建议:加快前期协商探讨以降低经济特区发展成本;探索基础设施定制化、柔性化建设发展模式;仔细研究相关协定要求,对新规则早做准备;鼓励创新产品技术应用,实现合作互利共赢;加大人文领域相互沟通,降低文化冲突风险。Mexico is one of the major power in Latin America and one of China's most important economic and trade partners in this region.In recent years,a series of important international agreements,especially the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement(USMCA),has made Mexico more prominent on the world stage.In order to adapt to external changes and solve the imbalance of its regional development,the Mexican Nieto administration decided to set up special economic zones in the southern region,and the Obrador administration has set up plans to promote infrastructure in this region.These policies provide new opportunities for China-Mexico cooperation.This paper first introduced the situation of the Mexican special economic zones and the state in which they are located.Based on Mexico’s actual situation and policy,China's development experience,the changes in Latin America and current complex environment of international trade,this paper analyzes the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and treats for China-Mexico cooperation,and finally gives suggestions to promote the bilateral cooperation:speed up preliminary consultations to reduce the development cost of special economic zones,explore a flexible model of the infrastructure construction,study the requirements of relevant international agreements like the USMCA,encourage the application of new technologies,strengthen mutual communication in the humanities field so as to reduce cultural conflicts.

关 键 词：经济特区 中墨合作 制造业 基础设施 技术创新 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]