苗族村寨聚居空间特征及其重构策略分析——以贵州雷山县雀鸟苗寨为例  

Analysis on Rural Settlement Spatial Characteristics and Reconstruction Strategy in Miao Minority Community ——Taking Queniao Miao Minority Community in Leishan County, Guizhou Province as an Example

作　　者：冯应斌[1] 孔令燊 任瑞英 张丽[2] FENG Ying-bin;KONG ling-shen;REN Rui-ying;ZHANG Li(School of Public Administration,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China;Surveying and Mapping Institute,Guizhou Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau,Guiyang 550018,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学公共管理学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局测绘院,贵阳550018

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第7期93-100,共8页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41661041);中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M590130);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1019);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字[2015]419号)

摘　　要：以地处雷公山腹地的贵州省雷山县方祥乡雀鸟苗寨为典型案例,运用聚居空间剖析及聚居空间重构模式研究途径解构了雀鸟苗寨聚居空间选址及其聚居规模核心在于田(土),即以田(土)为中心,以山、水为骨架.通过实地调查和数理分析,得出雀鸟苗寨纯农业型农户占77.37%,兼业型占5.84%,非农型占16.79%;农户宅基地面积从大到小依次为:兼业型(121.25m^2)、纯农业型(102.03m^2)、非农型(101.96m^2).针对雀鸟苗寨聚居空间存在问题,提出了以传统村落保护与开发为出发点,通过对外部环境要素空间重构,提升苗族同胞的"乡愁"记忆和打造苗族村寨的"理想家园".认为雀鸟苗寨农户应充分发挥宅基地多功能性,发展现代种养殖业,构建了庭院多功能垂直叠加型和偏平排列型两种农户宅基地庭院空间重构策略.In this paper,we take the case of Queniao Miao Minority Community in Fangxiang Town,Leishan County,Guizhou Province as a typical case,which Located in the hinterland of Leigong Mountain.By means of field surveys and mathematical analysis,it is believed that the main factor affecting the location and its size is the paddy land or dry land.That is,the paddy land or dry land is the center,and the mountains and water are the skeletons.The results of the study indicate that the pure agricultural peasant households accounted for 77.37% in Queniao Miao Minority Community,the concurrently peasant households accounted for 5.84%,and the non-agricultural peasant households accounted for 16.79%.The homestead area reducing as concurrently peasant households(121.25 m 2)、 pure agricultural peasant households(102.03 m 2)、 non-agricultural peasant households(101.96 m 2).In view of the problems existing in the Miao Minority Community settlement space,this paper proposes starting from the protection and development of traditional Miao Minority Community.Then by reconstructing the spatial elements of the external environment,Raising the Memory of the "Homesickness" of the Miao Minority,and create an "ideal home" for the Miao Minority Community.It is believed that the peasant households of the Queniao Miao Minority Community should give full play to the versatility of its homestead to develop a modern breed farming.Finally,this paper constructs two kinds of space reconstructing strategy of rural households,which are multifunctional vertical superposition and flat alignment.

关 键 词：苗族村寨 聚居空间 空间重构 雀鸟苗寨 

分 类 号：TU092.8[建筑科学] TU86