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作 者:王铎 郎建民 潘海峰 姜广顺[1] WANG Duo;LANG Jianmin;PAN Haifeng;JIANG Guangshun(Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Jilin Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature ReserveAdministration,Hunchun,133300,China;Tongyu County Forestry Bureau,Tongyu,137200,China)
机构地区:[1]国家林业和草原局猫科动物研究中心,东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]吉林珲春东北虎国家级自然保护区管理局,珲春133300 [3]吉林省通榆县林业局,通榆137200
出 处:《野生动物学报》2019年第3期529-536,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC31872241,31572285);中央高校基本科研专项资金平台项目(2572017PZ14)
摘 要:群落中多物种的共存是群落生态学研究的核心内容之一。为探索生物群落中物种共存机理,本研究于2016年4月至2017年4月在吉林珲春东北虎国家级自然保护区内应用自动相机技术共设置54个相机样点进行哺乳动物类群的监测,并采用占域模型( occupancy model )分析自然保护区内同域分布的哺乳动物类群冷暖季物种间空间共存关系。研究结果表明,在捕食关系中,虎-马鹿、虎-野猪、豹-马鹿、豹-野猪、豹猫-松鼠、黄喉貂-东北兔、黄鼬-松鼠等物种对在暖季比冷季的物种互作因子( SIF ,species interaction factor )值显著上升;在竞争关系中,肉食动物物种对中的豹-豹猫、豹-黄鼬和赤狐-豹猫等的 SIF 值在暖季比冷季显著下降,草食动物物种对中的马鹿-野猪、马鹿-梅花鹿、野猪-梅花鹿和野猪-东北兔在暖季的 SIF 值比冷季显著上升。研究显示,珲春保护区内的哺乳动物空间共存关系在冷暖季间有着显著变化,肉食动物物种间多为在暖季 SIF 值较大,互作强度较强,趋向于空间分布上的重合,草食动物则多为在冷季中显现出这样的趋势。The coexistence of multiple species in the community is one of the core contents of community ecology research.To study species coexistence in biomes,we used a total of 54 camera traps to monitor mammalian groups in the Jilin Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve from April 2016 to April 2017.We used an occupancy model to analyze the spatial coexistence of sympatric mammalian species in the cold and warm seasons in the nature reserve.In the predator-prey relationship,the species interaction factor ( SIF ) values of the tiger-red deer,tiger-wild boar,leopard-red deer,leopard-wild boar,leopard cat-squirrel,yellow throat marten-Manchurian hare,and Siberian weasel-Manchurian hare increased significantly during the warm season compared to the cold season.In the competitive relationship,the SIF values for leopard-leopard cat,leopard-Siberian weasel and red fox-leopard cat in carnivorous species were significantly lower in the warm season than in the cold season,and the SIF values for red deer-wild boar,red deer-sika deer,wild boar-sika deer and wild boar -Manchurian hare in herbivore species were significantly higher than in the cold season.The spatial coexistence of mammals in Hunchun Nature Reserve changed significantly between cold and warm seasons.Most of the carnivores had a larger SIF value during the warm season,and the interaction intensity was strong,tending to coincide with the spatial distribution,while herbivores tended to show this trend during the cold season.
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