三门峡天鹅湖湿地公园大天鹅越冬初期食性分析  

The Diet Compositiona of Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus in Early Winter at Sanmenxia Swan Lake Wetland Park

作　　者：于海龙[1] 牛童 陈光[1] 吴渊[1] 茹文东 李云峰 高如意 洪剑明[1] YU Hailong;NIU Tong;CHEN Guang;WU Yuan;RU Wendong;LI Yunfeng;GAO Ruyi;HONG Jianming(Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048,China;Beijing Center of Wetland Studies Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学,北京100048 [2]三门峡市天鹅湖国家城市湿地公园管理处,三门峡472000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2019年第3期652-663,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：采用粪便显微分析法,2014年11—12月、2015年11月对大天鹅粪便中的植物残片与27种植物进行对比、分类、统计,得到结果:大天鹅越冬初期食物比例中,小麦最多,占40.44%;玉米粒占17.23%,芦苇3.03%、菵草2.02%、苍耳1.41%、牵牛1.21%、酸模叶蓼1.04%、睡莲0.95%、多花水苋0.66%、苘麻0.61%、早熟禾0.58%、红鳞扁莎和齿果酸模均为0.52%。大天鹅取食具有广泛性,且对小麦有取食偏好。大天鹅取食的植物中占比最大的是禾本科植物,占63.57%,其次是蓼科1.56%,菊科1.41%,旋花科1.21%。We investigated the diet composition of Cygnus cygnus using fecal microscopic analysis from November to December 2014,and in December 2015.The results showed that in early winter, C.cygnus mainly fed on wheat,which is accounted for 40% of food items.Other food items were Zea mays ( 17.23%), Phragmites australis ( 3.03%), Beckmannia syzigachne ( 2.02%), Xanthium sibiricum ( 1.41%), Pharbitis nil ( 1.21%), Polygonum lapathifolium ( 1.04%), Nymphaea tetragona ( 0.95%), Ammannia multiflora ( 0.66%), Abutilon theophrasti ( 0.61%), Poa annua ( 0.58%), Pycreus sanguinolentus ( 0.52%) and Rumex dentatus ( 0.52%).The feeding of the whooper swan is extensive,and they prefer eat wheat to other food items.The food plants of whooper swan represented the families Gramineae ( 63.57%),Polygonaceae ( 1.56%),Compositae ( 1.41%),and Convolvulaceae ( 1.21%).

关 键 词：三门峡 大天鹅 越冬 食性 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]