黑龙江新青国家湿地公园观鸟线路春季鸟类资源分析  

Avian Resources Analysis on Bird-Watching Routes in Xinqing National Wetland Park in Heilongjiang,China

作　　者：邱晨浩 邓文攸 蒋文妮 吴庆明[1] 杨士凤 郭瑞萍 侯佳音 董石 QIU Chenhao;DENG Wenyou;JIANG Wenni;WU Qingming;YANG Shifeng;GUO Ruiping;HOU Jiayin;DONG Shi(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Xinqing National Wetland Park of Heilongjiang,Yichun,153036,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江新青国家湿地公园,伊春153036

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2019年第3期705-714,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31401978);教育部中央高校基本科研业务费(2572019BE04);黑龙江省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810225556)

摘　　要：以黑龙江新青国家湿地公园为例对观鸟区域鸟类资源进行了监测分析。分析结果显示出:(1)观鸟区域共有鸟类17目34科105种,雀形目鸟类占绝对优势(50.5%)、其次是雁形目、鹰形目、鸻形目(29.5%);区系组成以古北种为主(68.6%)、其余为广布种;居留型以夏候鸟居多(48.57%),留鸟和旅鸟次之(46.7%);生态类群以鸣禽(50.5%)为主,其次是涉禽、猛禽、游禽(40.0%)。(2)不同观鸟线路上,鸟类群落多样性存在明显差异,线路4的物种丰富度和物种多样性最高,线路3最低;不同观鸟线路鸟类群落的物种相似度均较低,仅线路1与线路4超过0.1(0.1636)。(3)观鸟区域不同生境内,鸟类群落多样性存在明显差异,林地的物种丰富度和物种多样性最高,其次是湿地,居民区最低;不同生境内物种相似度均较低,仅湿地与农田鸟类群落的物种相似度超过0.1(0.1250)。进一步分析表明,线路4的鸟类资源最为丰富,以水鸟为主;其次是线路1和线路2的鸟类资源,以林鸟为主、辅以少量水鸟,是较为合理的观鸟线路。We monitored and analyzed the avian resources in the bird-watching route in Xinqing National Wetland Park in Heilongjiang Province,China.We recorded 105 species,representing 34 families and 17 orders in bird-watching routes.Species of Passerifomes dominated ( 50.5%),while Anseriforms,Falconiforms and Charadriiforms accounted for 29.5% together.Palaearctic species accounted for 68.6%,the rest were widespread species.Summer residents accounted for 48.57%,and residents and migrants accounted for 46.7%.By ecological groups,Songbirds accounted for 50.5%,Grallatores,Raptatores and Natatores accounted for 40.0%.Community diversity differed significantly by bird-watching route.Species richness and species diversity were greatest on route 4 and lowest on route 3.Similarity between bird-watching routes was low in general,only the similarity between route 1 and route 4 exceeded 0.1 ( 0.163 6 ).Avian community diversity differed among habitat types along bird-watching routes.Avian species richness and avian species diversity was highest in woodlands,followed by wetlands,and the residential areas were the lowest.Species similarity between habitats was low.Only similarity between wetland and farmland was >=0.1 ( 0.1 ).Route 4 had the most abundant avian resources and was dominated by waterfowl.Avian resources were abundant on routes 1 and 2 and were dominated songbirds,and a small number of waterfowl.Bird-watching routes 1,2,and 4 were recommended for use by birdwatchers.

关 键 词：鸟类资源 观鸟线路 新青国家湿地公园 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]