区域主要作物生产实体水-虚拟水耦合流动过程解析与评价  

Assessment of regional crop-related physical-virtual water coupling flows

作　　者：吴普特[1,2,4,5] 卓拉 刘艺琳 高学睿[1,2,4,5] 王玉宝 赵西宁[1,2,4,5] 孙世坤 Pute Wui;La Zhuo;Yilin Liu;Xuerui Gao;Yubao Wang;Xining Zhao;Shikun Sun(Institute of Soiland Water Conservation, North west A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, North west A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering , North west A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;National Engineering Research Centre for Water Saving Irrigationat Yangling, Yangling 712100, China;Institute of Soiland Water Co servation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [4]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100 [5]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第18期1953-1966,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0215702);国家青年人才项目(第14批);国家自然科学基金(51809215)资助

摘　　要：水安全是粮食安全的刚性基础.在农业生产过程中(产前、产中、产后)自然-经济-社会(三元)因素驱动下,其水资源消耗形成实体水-虚拟水(二维)嵌入转化、互为反馈、相互影响的耦合流动过程.本文基于实体水-虚拟水"二维三元"耦合流动理论,集成构建了以水量为参数的区域作物生产广义实体水-虚拟水耦合流动过程量化方法,并应用于我国"丝绸之路经济带"沿线西部六省,对其1985~2013年主要作物实体水-虚拟水耦合流动过程进行解析与评价.揭示了区域作物生产实体水-虚拟水耦合流动现象,发现六省间水资源消耗与流动存在资源与经济效益的此消彼长现象.表明以农田尺度实体节水为目标的资源单视角传统农业水资源管理理念,已不足以实现多空间尺度水资源的资源-经济同步高效利用的管理目标,而具有资源-经济-社会三重意义的区域农业全产业链实体水-虚拟水统筹管理应为有效解决思路.基于此,初步提出三点思考:(1)现代农业节水应实体水-虚拟水统筹考虑;(2)需加快突破农业生产实体水-虚拟水耦合流动量化、评价方法与调控关键技术;(3)建议基于农业全产业链视角,建立基于实体水-虚拟水二维度理论的农业水资源管理体系,确保实现各阶段水资源管理"三条红线".Agriculture is the sector with the largest water usage globally, as well as within China. Water is a limited resource that represents the base for regional food security. Modern water science has revealed that crop production consumes not only so-called blue water(surface and ground water), which is at the core of current agricultural water policies, but also socalled green water(rainwater). As driven by natural-socio-economic("ternary") activities, water related to the crop production chain(i.e. pre-, during-and after-production) flows in coupled physical and virtual(the "two-dimension")forms through physical water consumption, virtual water embedding and inter-regional virtual water flows. In this work,based on a physical-virtual water flow theory framework, we have developed a quantification approach for regional croprelated physical-virtual water flow processes, with a focus on the water quantity. This quantification integrates green and blue water footprint accounting and virtual water flow network simulations. We applied this approach in a case study for six western provinces along the "Silk Road Economic Belt" in China over the period 1985-2013. Ten major crops were considered in the case study. Our results show significant crop-related physical-virtual water flows among the six provinces. In terms of blue water, 49% of the irrigation water supply was consumed in the crop production we considered,31% of which was converted to virtual water flows. Moreover, we find that a trade-off exists between water use efficiency and associated economic value along the physical-virtual water flows. For example, Xinjiang has suffered water stress due to crop production, with a net virtual water export of 21×10~9 m^3/a, but has a high economic income of 314 million CNY/a as a result of the water flow. This study highlights the importance and necessity of improving traditional agricultural water management, which focuses on reducing blue water consumption through engineering strategies, by integrating physicalvirtual wate

关 键 词：实体水-虚拟水 “二维三元” 作物生产 水足迹 西部六省 

分 类 号：F326.1[经济管理—产业经济]