重论《诗经·墓门》“讯”为“谇”之形讹——以文字讹混的时代性为视角  

Re-examining the relation between xun (讯) and its variant sui (谇) in the Mumen(墓门) poem of the Book of Poetry: A diachronic perspective

作　　者：蒋文[1] JIANG Wen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学出土文献与古文字研究中心

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第4期465-470,512,共7页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：今本《诗经·陈风·墓门》之“讯”,传世文献有异文作“谇”。如何看待这对异文、《墓门》文本原貌为何,前人有不同意见。本文以文字讹混的时代性为视角,利用阜阳简《诗经》重新考察了这一问题。本文认为,“讯”“谇”讹混的现象目前基本只见于时代较晚的魏晋隋唐俗写中;在古文字阶段,“谇”“讯”的形体毫不相干,无讹混可能;秦至汉初的文字书写中,两字形体区分清晰。在两字讹混存在时代性这一背景下,西汉初年的阜诗写本作“谇”,就可以视作定点,向下推“谇”可以讹为“讯”,向上推则不可能讹自“讯”。《墓门》文本的原始面貌应是“谇”,今本之“讯”为“谇”之形讹。The graph xun (讯) in the extant version of Mumen (墓门) poem of the Book of Poetry is also found as sui (谇) in some of its historical commentaries. Scholars have long held divergent opinions towards the relation between xun and sui and the identification of the original graph. Some consider sui as a phonetic loan of xun while others see xun as a scribal error of sui . In light of the Mumen poem found in the excavated Fuyang (阜阳) bamboo slips, this paper re-examines this scholarly divergence by studying their diachronic graphical change. Unearthed materials show that xun and sui are clearly different from each other in the beginning stage of Chinese writing, their forms are not even similar in the Qin and early Western Han periods. It was only during the later periods that the two gradually became indistinctive in form. Since the graph sui is given in the Fuyang bamboo slips of the Western Han dated no later than B.C. 165, it is suggested that sui should be the original graph in the Mumen poem which was changed into xun by mistake in later editions.

关 键 词：“讯” “谇” 讹混 

分 类 号：H124.3[语言文字—汉语]