What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot?A critical analysis  

作　　者：Frédéric Médail Anne-Christine Monnet Daniel Pavon Toni Nikolic Panayotis Dimopoulos Gianluigi Bacchetta Juan Arroyo Zoltán Barina Marwan Cheikh Albassatneh Gianniantonio Domina Bruno Fady Vlado Matevski Stephen Mifsud Agathe Leriche 

机构地区：[1]Aix Marseille Univ,Avignon Univ,CNRS,IRD,IMBE.Technopole de l’Arbois-Méditerranée,cedex 4,BP 80,13 545 Aix-en-Provence,France [10]Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts,Krste Misirkov 2,1000 Skopje,Republic of Macedonia [11]EcoGozo,Regional Development Directorate-Ministry for Gozo,Flat 6,Sunset Court B,Triq Marsalforn,Xaghra,Gozo,Malta [2]Faculty of Science,University of Zagreb,Horvatovac 102a,HR-10000 Zagreb,Croatia [3]Department of Biology,Division of Plant Biology,Laboratory of Botany,University of Patras,University Campus,26504 Rio,Greece [4]Centro Conservazione Biodiversità,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente,Universitàdegli Studi di Cagliari,Viale S.Ignazio da Laconi,13,09123 Cagliari,Italy [5]Departamento de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia,Universidad de Sevilla,Apartado 1095,41080 Sevilla,Spain [6]Department of Botany,Hungarian Natural History Museum,Pf.137,Budapest 1431,Hungary [7]Sorbonne University,IEES Bat 44-34,cc 237.4,Place Jussieu,Paris,France [8]Department of Agriculture,Food and Forest Sciences,University of Palermo,Viale delle Scienze bldg.4,90128 Palermo,Italy [9]INRA,UR629,Ecologie des forêts méditerranéennes,Avignon,France

出　　处：《Forest Ecosystems》2019年第2期159-177,共19页森林生态系统（英文版）

基　　金：funded by the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity(FRB)through its Centre for Synthesis;Analysis of Biodiversity data(CESAB)programme,as part of the WOODIV research project.ACM and MCB were funded by Labex OT-Med(n°ANR-11-LABX-0061)

摘　　要：Background: Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity hotspots, and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts, thousands of years ago. However, the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known, and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies. Methods: We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa (species and subspecies) present in the Mediterranean-European region (from Portugal to Cyprus). We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called "cryptic trees". We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by"administrative regions", i.e. country or large island, and by biogeographical provinces. We studied the species-area relationship, and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria. Results: We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies, belonging to 33 families and 64 genera. It included 46 endemic tree taxa (30 species and 16 subspecies), mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit. The countries with the highest tree richness are Greece (146 taxa), Italy (133), Albania (122), Spain (155), Macedonia (116), and Croatia (110). The species-area relationship clearly discriminated the richest central-eastern (Balkans) and northern (Alpine and Cevenno-Pyrenean) biogeographical provinces, against the five western provinces in the Iberian Peninsula. We identified 44 unrecognized "cryptic trees", representing 21% of the total trees. Among the 245 taxa identified, 19 are considered to be threatened (15 CR+EN+VU) or near threatened (4 NT) by IUCN. Conclusions: The Mediterranean-European region includes an unsuspectedly high number of tree taxa, almost 200 tree taxa more thaBackground:Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere.The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity thotspots,and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts,thousands of years ago.However,the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known,and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies.Methods:We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa(species and subspecies)present in the Mediterranean-European region(from Portugal to Cyprus).We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called "cryptic trees".We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by "administrative regions",i.e.country or large island,and by biogeographical provinces.We studied the species-area relationship,and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria.Results:We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies,belonging to 33 families and 64 genera.It included 46 endemic tree taxa(30 species and 16 subspecies),mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit.The countries with the highest tree richness are Greece(146 taxa),Italy(133),Albania(122),Spain(155),Macedonia(116),and Croatia(110).The species-area relationship clearly discriminated the richest central-eastern(Balkans)and northern(Alpine and Cevenno-Pyrenean)biogeographical provinces,against the five western provinces in the Iberian Peninsula.We identified 44 unrecognized "cryptic trees",representing 21% of the total trees.Among the 245 taxa identified,19 are considered to be threatened(15 CR+EN+VU)or near threatened(4 NT) by IUCN.Conclusions:The Mediterranean-European region includes an unsuspectedly high number of tree taxa,almost 200 tree taxa more than in the central European region.This tree diversit

关 键 词：PLANT BIOGEOGRAPHY Mediterranean region THREATENED trees TREE definition TREE DISTRIBUTIONS 

分 类 号：S[农业科学]