曲言负极词语用得体性的博弈论分析  

A Game-theoretical Interpretation of the Pragmatic Felicity of NPIs of Litotes

作　　者：蒋勇[1] Jiang Yong

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2019年第4期32-47,共16页Contemporary Rhetoric

摘　　要：本文运用博弈论分析曲言负极词的语用得体性,欲解答两个问题:(1)如何衡量曲言负极词的语用得体性?(2)为何自然语言中会存在曲言负极词?先评论Israel(2006,2011)提出的梯级模型理论对曲言负极词的解释力,然后用博弈支付矩阵图对比分析曲言负极词和直言的语用得体性。我们发现:局中人的支付(即收益)是衡量曲言负极词的语用得体性的依据;自然语言中存在曲言负极词与讲话人的博弈优选策略紧密相关。This paper discusses the pragmatic felicity condition of the negative polarity items ( NPIs) of litotes with a view to understanding the criterion to judge the pragmatic felicity,the reasons why such forms should exist. We point out the rooms to be improved in Israel's ( 2006,2011) Scalar Model of Polarity,and offer contrastive analyses of the felicity of the NPIs of litotes and positive assertions in the framework of game theory. We find out that the payoff of the players play an important role in the judgment of felicity,the existence of the NPIs of litotes is closely related to the optimal strategies in language games.

关 键 词：曲言负极词 极性敏感性 优选 支付矩阵 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]