美国选举人团制度的不民主性分析  

An Analysis on the Undemocratic Electoral College System of the United States

作　　者：聂露[1] Nie Lu(School of Political Science and Public Administration,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《教学与研究》2019年第7期95-102,共8页Teaching and Research

基　　金：中国政法大学校级科学研究项目“基于当代西方政治理论的民主条件研究”(项目号:17ZFG81003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文从制度规则、政治产出和社会评价三个方面,全方位分析了美国选举人团制度不民主性的表现与逻辑。在制度规则方面,制宪会议造就了该制度混合而非民主的本质,赢者全得规则民主性较低,选举人功能失效降低了民主质量。在政治产出上,选票不平等和关键州问题反映了政治平等的欠缺,少数票总统问题说明民主合法性不足,投票率走低意味着选民的消极参与。在改革选举制度的争论中,支持者要求更高的选举民主,反对者提出保守意见。The article analyzes how and why the electoral college system of U.S.presidential election is undemocratic,based on a holistic analysis framework of electoral systems,which includes rules itself,political production and social views.First,the electoral rules are essentially a mixed production instead of a democratic article.They were created with compromises through the Constitutional Convention.Soon a new partial alternative,Simple Majority Rule was spread among states.This is also comparatively undemocratic.In the meantime,although it keeps on degrading democratic quality,the procedures of dysfunctional electors remain unchanged.Second,in the means of political production,vote value and the problem of swing states implies the lack of electoral equality.Furthermore,those elected presidents with relative fewer ballots show that those electoral outcomes were short of legitimacy and representatioa Another political production exists in the negative participation of voters.Third,the constant debate on system reform reflects the social views.The proposal of reform was nearly passed in three times as an act in the congress.Supporters from the con-gress,academic and public fields,demand a more democratic electoral system,while their opponent emphasizes constitutional traditions.

关 键 词：选举人团制度 民主 美国总统选举 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]