西汉遣策“偶人简”研究  

Studies on the “Figurine Lists” in Qiance(Tomb Inventories) of the Western Han Dynasty

作　　者：田天[1] Tian Tian

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《文物》2019年第6期88-96,共9页Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“秦汉遣策的礼仪与信仰研究”(批准号:16CZS038)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：以偶人随葬,是战国以来的古代社会流行的葬俗,在遣策中记载偶人的做法,则集中于战国至西汉前期。战国偶人简数量少,记载简短。西汉前期的偶人简成为遣策中固定的组成部分,比例大幅上升,对偶人的描述也更为具体,不仅包括偶人的衣饰、职掌,更强调其身份,部分甚至载有姓名。西汉偶人简与同时期流行的"告地策"类文献有直接关系,二者组合,模仿现实中的户籍迁移文书。在这类随葬文本建构的世界中,死者在地下的生活,不只是简单的模拟,更是地上生活的延续。Interring human figurines with the dead is a popular funeral custom in ancient China since the Warring-States Period;listing human figurines in the qiance(tomb inventories), on the other hand, was a practice concentrated from the Warring-States Period to the early Western Han Dynasty. The figurine lists in the Warring-States Period took fewer bamboo slips and their contents were short and simple;in the early Western Han Dynasty,"figurine list" became a fixed part of qiance, and the descriptions to the figurines became more concrete: not only included their costumes and duties but more emphasized their identities, some of which even bore personal names. The figurine lists had direct relationship with the documents such as gaodice(report informing new arrival to the underground world) popular in the same period, the assemblage of both of which simulated the relocation registration in the real life. In the world constructed by this kind of documents buried in the graves, the afterlife of the dead was not only a simple imitation but also the continuation of the life in this world.

关 键 词：西汉前期 遣策 古代社会 户籍迁移 文本建构 战国 记载 生活 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]