462例急性呼吸道感染病原学监测及流行特征分析  

Etiological Surveillance and Epidemiological Characteristics of 462 Cases of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection

作　　者：张井梅[1] 马志民[1] 赵宏燕 张博文[2] 张桂静 ZHANG Jing-mei;MA Zhi-min;ZHAO Hong-yan;ZHANG Bo-wen;ZHANG Gui-jing(Department of Infectious Diseases,General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group,Beijing,102300 China;Beijing Mentougou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,102300 China)

机构地区：[1]北京京煤集团总医院感染性疾病科,北京102300 [2]北京市门头沟区疾病预防控制中心,北京102300

出　　处：《中外医疗》2019年第16期74-76,共3页China & Foreign Medical Treatment

摘　　要：目的了解北京市门头沟区急性呼吸道感染病原学演变及流行特点。方法方便收集2017年2月—2018年10月在北京京煤集团总医院(北京市呼吸道病原监测哨点医院)诊治的急性呼吸道感染462例;将患者的标本(咽拭子、痰液、气管抽吸物),进行病原学检测。结果病原微生物检出88例,病原微生物阳性检出率19.05%,统计北京市门头沟区急性呼吸道感染病原谱构成比中,位列前五名的是:肺炎支原体18例,占比24.66%;乙型流感毒11例,占比15.07%;鼻病毒9例,占比12.32%,新型甲型H1N1流感和人偏肺病毒各为7例,占比均为9.59%,腺病毒和甲型流感均为6例,占比均为8.22%。结论在急性呼吸道感染中,流感病毒和支原体是主要的致病微生物;通过观察对北京市门头沟区引起急性呼吸道感染的病原体的种类有了比较精确的了解,为北京市流感疫苗的制备提供了该区的理论依据,疫苗制备得当会在很大程度上减轻呼吸道感染病病人的痛苦更节省了宝贵的医疗资源;并为病人的精准救治提供了病原学依据。Objective To understand the etiological evolution and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infectious diseases in Mentougou District of Beijing.Methods A total of 462 cases of acute respiratory infectious diseases were convenient collected from March 2017 to February 2018 in Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital(Beijing Respiratory Pathogen Monitoring sentinel Hospital),and the specimens of patients(pharyngeal swab,sputum,tracheal aspirates)were detected for pathogens.Results Eighty eight cases of pathogenic microorganisms were detected,and the positive detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms was 19.05%.The statistics of the pathogen spectrum of acute respiratory infections in Mentougou District of Beijing were ranked among the top five were:mycoplasma pneumoniae(18 cases,accounting for 24.66%),influenza B virus(11 cases,accounting for 15.07%),rhinovirus(9 cases,accounting for 12.32%),new type A H1N1 influenza and human metapneumovirus(7 cases,accounting for 9.59%),and adenovirus and influenza A(6 cases,accounting for 8.22%).Conclusion Influenza virus and Mycoplasma were the main pathogenic microorganisms in acute respiratory infectious diseases.The types of pathogens of acute respiratory infectious diseases have been accurately understood,which provides theoretical basis for the preparation of influenza vaccine in Beijing.Proper preparation of influenza vaccine will greatly alleviate the pain of patients with respiratory infectious diseases and save valuable medical resources,and provide pathogenic basis for precise treatment of patients.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 病原体 疫苗制备 精准治疗 

分 类 号：R725[医药卫生—儿科]