结直肠癌相关的原癌基因和抑癌基因研究现状及进展  

Research current situation and progress on proto-oncogenes and suppressor genes related to colorectal cancer

作　　者：马偲程 武丽萍 赵华文 张定林 贺建 舒为群 周紫垣 MA Sicheng;WU Liping;ZHAO Huawen(The Fourth Cadet Brigade,College of Basic Medicine,Army Medical University,Chongqing,400038,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学基础医学院学员四大队,重庆市400038 [2]陆军军医大学基础医学院化学教研室,重庆市400038 [3]陆军军医大学学军事预防医学院环境卫生学教研室,重庆市400038

出　　处：《河北医药》2019年第14期2210-2215,共6页Hebei Medical Journal

基　　金：原第三军医大学青年人才创新基金(编号:2011XQN10);陆军军医大学基础医学院青年创新人才库项目

摘　　要：结直肠癌是一类常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,严重危害人类健康,该疾病与多种基因和信号通路的异常有关。与结直肠癌密切相关的原癌基因(如Her-2、Braf、C-myc、PIK3CA、K-ras等)一旦突变活化,可使其参与的信号通路发生异常,使细胞发生恶性增殖转移,从而促进肿瘤的发生发展。另一方面,存在于正常组织中可抑制细胞生长的抑癌基因(如SLC5A8、APC、DCC、p53、PTEN等),通常情况下与原癌基因一起维持细胞代谢的相对稳定,当这些抑癌基因发生缺失等突变时,则也可引起细胞恶性转化而致肿瘤发生。探讨与结直肠癌相关的原癌基因和抑癌基因的突变及其引起的相应信号通路的变化,根据突变靶点研究靶向阻断药物,可以为结直肠癌患者的个体诊断提供可靠的科学依据,进而为结直肠癌的个性化靶向治疗提供重要参考。因此,本文选取了跟结直肠癌密切相关的原癌基因和抑癌基因,就其在结直肠癌发生发展过程中的分子机制方面的研究现状及进展进行了较为系统的综述。Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common malignant tumor in digestive tract,which is greatly harmful to human health.Colorectal cancer is associated with the abnormality of multiple genes and signaling pathways.Once the protooncogenes closely related to colorectal cancer including Her-2,Braf,C-myc,PIK3 CA and K-ras are mutated and activated,the signal pathways involved will be abnormal,and malignant cell proliferation and metastasis will occur,thereby promoting the initiation and development of tumors.On the other hand,tumor suppressor genes including SLC5 A8,APC,DCC,p53 and PTEN which inhibit cell growth in normal tissues usually maintain relatively stable metabolism in cells together with proto-oncogenes.When these suppressor genes are deleted or occur other mutations,malignant transformation of cells and tumorigenesis would be caused.Based on the investigations of the mutations of proto-oncogenes and suppressor genes related to CRC and the changes in the corresponding signal pathways caused by these mutations,targeted blocking drugs should be investigated,which would provide a reliable scientific basis for the individual diagnosis of CRC,and provide important references for personalized targeted treatment of CRC.Thus,proto-oncogenes and suppressor genes closely related to CRC are systematically explored in this review,mainly on the current status and progress of molecular mechanism on the initiation and progression of CRC.

关 键 词：结直肠癌 原癌基因 抑癌基因 

分 类 号：R753.3[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]