不同栽培模式对中小型土壤动物多样性的影响  

Effects of different cultivation facilities on the diversity of soil meso-and micro-fauna

作　　者：陈茜 李强强 唐伟 王祯祎 陶军[1,2] 许映军 顾卫[1,2] CHEN Xi;LI Qiangqiang;TANG Wei;WANG Zhenyi;TAO Jun;XU Yingjun;GU Wei(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster,Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University/Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2019年第8期1147-1156,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD14B03)资助~~

摘　　要：土壤动物是土壤中重要的生物群落,在分解凋落物、土壤有机质以及维护生态系统平衡等方面中扮演重要角色。为了研究不同栽培模式下中小型土壤动物多样性特征,探究有利于中小型土壤动物的种植方式,本文研究了有机与常规栽培、大棚与露天、茄果与叶菜等不同栽培模式对中小型土壤动物种群数量、组成和多样性等特征的影响。结果表明:1)利用Tullgren法在18个样地共获得中小型土壤动物3?869只,隶属于2门14目30科(亚目)。辐螨亚目、甲螨亚目以及等节跳科构成了研究区土壤动物的主要部分。2)露天条件下,有机栽培使5~10cm和10~15cm土层中小型土壤动物数量显著高于常规栽培;但大棚条件下,有机栽培使0~5cm和5~10cm土层中小型土壤动物数量显著低于常规栽培。3)有机栽培下,大棚内0~5cm和10~15cm土层中小型土壤动物数量显著低于露天,且棚内10~15cm层中小型土壤动物丰富度显著高于常规栽培;而常规栽培下,大棚内5~10cm土层中小型土壤动物数量著高于露天。无论有机和常规栽培,棚内0~5cm层中小型土壤动物Shannon-Weiner多样性高于露天。4)有机栽培使叶菜作物10~15cm土层中小型土壤动物数量显著低于常规栽培,且0~5cm土层中小型土壤动物均匀度指数显著高于常规栽培;常规栽培使叶菜作物0~5cm和5~10cm土层中小型土壤动物数量显著高于茄果作物。因此,在设施条件下采用有机栽培和管理,且利用作物轮作可能更有利于土壤动物群落数量和多样性的增加。Organic agriculture, which has become increasingly popular in recent years and is widely used in greenhouse facilities, is generally believed to be more conducive to agro-ecosystems than conventional agriculture. The soil fauna is a significant biological indicator of the soil environment. An understanding of the differences in the community structure and diversity of the soil fauna under different facility management regimens is necessary. However, little is known about the effects of both organic and conventional agricultural systems on the diversity of soil meso- and micro-fauna. To investigate the effects of organic facility cultivation on the diversity and community structure of soil meso- and micro-fauna, the fauna of soils under 6 treatments (organic and conventional cropping patterns of leafy and solanaceous vegetables in greenhouse, organic and conventional cropping patterns in open air) in the Shunyi District of Beijing in June 2016 was studied. Fauna from the 0–15 cm soil layer was extracted by the modified Tullgren method. In total, there were 3?869 soil meso- and micro-fauna in the 18 sample plots, belonging to 30 families, 14 orders 14, 2 taxa (suborders). The results were as follows: 1) the orders such as Actinedida, Oribatida, and Onychiuridae were in the largest quantities and were the most widely distributed in the study area, where Acarina, Rhabditidae, and Collembola constituted the main taxa of the soil meso- and micro-fauna. 2) In the open air, the numbers of soil meso- and micro-fauna in the 5–10 cm and 10–15 cm layers under organic cultivation were higher than those under conventional cultivation. In the greenhouse, the numbers of soil meso- and micro-fauna in the 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm layers under organic cultivation were significantly lower than those under conventional cultivation. 3) Under organic cultivation, the numbers of soil meso- and micro-fauna in the 0–5 cm and 10–15 cm layers in the greenhouse were significantly lower than those in the open air, and the Menhinick’

关 键 词：有机栽培 大棚种植 露天种植 作物种类 中小型土壤动物 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]