立法理由说明的民主功能与制度建构  

The Democratic Function and Institutional Building of the Explanation of Legislative Reasons

作　　者：张婷[1] Zhang Ting

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2019年第4期131-148,共18页Global Law Review

基　　金：作者主持的2019年度教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“立法理由说明的功能与制度构造研究”(19YJC820075)的研究成果

摘　　要：当前,立法程序无法对立法议题的初始化确定施加影响,因而难以避免外在意志借由议题确定能力对立法施加的总体意志强制。在立法议题确定这一立法的源头机制上,进行一种源于民意汇聚以确立立法议题、推动立法启动的民主输入和总控,是立法民主的基础保障。据此,在立法程序中创设与公共领域相联接的立法理由说明平台,从源头上实现对立法议题初始确定的民主性控制,构成立法民主的基础机制。在功能上,立法理由说明经由公共领域汇聚吸纳立法需求,凝聚关于立法的抽象共识,由此提炼整合立法议题,决定是否启动立法。在制度上,依托“公众立法提案主体(代表或相关部门)立法机关”的理由说明主体关系,建立“立法动议立法提案立法启动”的制度结构,为后续立法环节提供立法议题、立法目的和立法整体方案等方面的民主约束,从而为立法设置基础性的民主框架,由此强化整个立法过程的民主导向。The current legislative process cannot influence the initialization of legisla-tive issues, and as a result, is unable to avoid the general will force imposed by the external will through the ability to determine legislative issues. A basic way of safeguarding democratic legis-lation is to carry out democratic input and general control that originates from public opinion gathering and aims at aimed establishing legislative issues and promoting the initiation of legisla-tion at the source mechanism for the determination of legislative issue. Therefore, establishing a platform for explaining legislative reasons connected to the public sphere in the legislative process can realize the democratic control over the initial determination of legislative issues at its source and constitute the basic mechanism for legislative democracy. In terms of function, the explanation of legislative reasons can help absorb legislative needs through public domain, col-lect abstract consensus on legislation, refine and integrate legislative issues, and determine whether or not to initiate legislation. In terms of institution, we should explain main body rela-tions by relying on the reason of “ public-legislative proposal subject ( representative or related department)-legislative authority”, construct the institutional structure of “legislative motion- legislative proposal-legislation initiation", provide the basic democratic restraints on legislative issues, legislative purposes and overall legislative plan in the subsequent legislative links, thereby establishing a basic democratic framework of legislation and strengthening the democrat-ic orientation of the whole legislative process.

关 键 词：立法理由说明 立法动议 立法启动 民主立法 立法程序 

分 类 号：D901[政治法律—法学理论]