考虑电传动矿用自卸车平顺性的油气弹簧结构参数设计  

Structural Parameters Design of Hydro-pneumatic Suspension Considering the Ride Comfort of Electric Mining Dump Truck

作　　者：左曙光[1] 来艳 王卓周 林羽 胡潇睿 

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804 [2]广州电力机车有限公司,广州510800

出　　处：《机电一体化》2019年第3期30-41,共12页Mechatronics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375343)

摘　　要：油气悬架的刚度和阻尼特性是影响矿用车平顺性的主要因素。采用参数化建模方法建立油气弹簧的理论数学模型,得到油气悬架非线性刚度和阻尼特性,并建立有限元模型验证数学模型的准确性。在此基础上,分析整车平顺性,发现平顺性较差。因此,对油气悬架的刚度和阻尼进行匹配,满载下的匹配效果很好,但是空载下的匹配效果欠佳,所以对空载下前后悬架的刚度和阻尼同时进行优化。最后,以匹配优化后的刚度和阻尼为目标函数,优化设计油气悬架充气量和结构参数。优化后,满载下座椅总加权加速度均方根值最大降幅达50%,空载下最大降幅达39%;空载和满载下悬架撞击限位的概率和离地概率均有不同程度的下降。结果表明,设计的油气弹簧结构参数有效提高了矿用自卸车的平顺性和行驶安全性。The stiffness and damping characteristics of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are the main factors affecting the riding comfort of the mining dump truck.Firstly,the parametric modeling method is used to establish the theoretical mathematical model of the hydro-pneumatic suspension,and the nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are obtained.The finite element model is established to verify the accuracy of mathematical model.On this basis,the vehicle ride comfort is analyzed and it is found that the ride is poor.In this regard,the stiffness and damping of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are matched.The matching effect under full load is very good,but under no-load is not good,so the stiffness and damping of the front and rear suspensions under no-load are optimized.Finally,the matched stiffness and damping are used as the objective function to optimize the design of the hydro-pneumatid suspension and the structural parameters.After optimization,the root mean square of the seat acceleration of full load is reduced by 50%,and the empty-load is reduced by 39%;the probability of suspension impact limitand the probability of leaving the ground under no-load and full load have different degrees of decline.The results show that the designed structural parameters of the hydro-pneumatic suspension effectively improve the ride comfort and driving safety of the mining dump truck.

关 键 词：油气悬架 平顺性 匹配 优化设计 

分 类 号：U469.4[机械工程—车辆工程] TD634.9[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]