节水减氮对再生稻和双季稻周年产量及氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of water-saving and nitrogen-reducing on annual yield and nitrogen use efficiency of ratoon rice and double rice

作　　者：郑华斌[1] 陈其敏 陈元伟 李波[1] 张炎胜 唐启源[1] ZHENG Hua-bin;CHEN Qi-min;CHEN Yuan-wei;LI Bo;ZHANG Yan-sheng;TANG Qi-yuan(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Yibin College of Vocational Technology,Yibin 644000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]宜宾职业技术学院,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第7期2023-2029,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：绿色超级稻“两型”栽培技术集成与示范应用研究(2014AA10A605-3);国家水稻产业技术体系岗位科学家(CARS-01-26);湖南省科技计划项目(2016NK2125)资助

摘　　要：简易可行的节水减氮栽培措施有利于推动资源节约型和环境友好型水稻栽培技术的发展。本文以两熟制水稻生产模式为对象,研究节水减氮措施对其周年产量、群体质量特征和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:节水灌溉不降低再生稻模式和双季稻模式的周年产量,节水灌溉2(W3)处理的周年产量分别为8.42和12.71 t·hm^-2;与不施氮处理(N0)相比,减氮处理(N2)与当地施氮水平(N1)的周年产量显著增加,但N1和N2处理间的周年产量差异不显著;N2处理的氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥吸收利用率均高于N1处理;采用简易的自制PVC指示筒观测稻田土壤耕作层的水层变化,以此确定是否需要人工灌溉,同时再生稻模式和双季稻模式分别减氮24%和20%,能达到水稻生产中减少用水和氮肥用量目的,是一种水稻生产中可行的、简易的节水减氮栽培技术。Simple and practical cultivation practice with water-saving and nitrogen-reducing is beneficial to promoting the development of rice cultivation technology with resource-conserving and environment-friendly. Taking production model as object,we examined the effects of watersaving and nitrogen-reducing on annual yield,the characteristics of population quality,and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice. The results showed that water-saving did not decrease annual yield of ratoon rice and double rice,with highest yield of 8.42 and 12.71 t·hm-2 for both rice modes under the treatment of water-saving irrigation( W3). Compared with no nitrogen application( N0),annual yield under the treatment of nitrogen-reducing( N2) and local nitrogen application level( N1) was significantly increased,with no significant difference between the treatments of N1 and N2. In addition,nitrogen agronomy efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity,and nitrogen use efficiency under the N2 treatment was higher than those under the N1 treatment. Therefore,to ascertain irrigating or not by the observation of the water layer in the soil layer using simple and homemade PVC tube,with reducing 24% and 20% nitrogen application respectively in the models of both ratoon rice and double rice,can achieve dual reduction of water and nitrogen use. It is a simple and practical cultivation technology with water-saving and nitrogen-reducing in the rice production model.

关 键 词：再生稻模式 双季稻模式 周年产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]