陕北榆林毛乌素沙地大规模土地整治开发的生态环境问题及其对策  

Eco-environmental problems and their solution strategy for large-scale land consolidation and development in Mu Us Sandy Land of Yulin in North Shaanxi

作　　者：石辉[1] 刘秀花[2] 陈占飞 苏泓宇 SHI Hui;LIU Xiu-hua;CHEN Zhan-fei;SU Hong-yu(School of Environment and Municipal Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710055,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China;Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西北水资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,西安710055 [2]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,西安710064 [3]陕西省榆林市农业科学研究院,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第7期2228-2235,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771309);陕西省水土保持局“非能源矿产资源水土保持补偿费标准研究”项目资助

摘　　要：土地整治开发是中国实现耕地占补平衡的重要举措,陕北榆林毛乌素沙地的土地整治开发为陕西全省耕地总量动态平衡做出了贡献。但毛乌素沙地地处生态脆弱区,大规模的土地整治开发有可能导致严重的环境问题。通过对毛乌素沙地土地整治开发项目的调查,发现陕北榆林毛乌素沙地中土地开发面积近10000 hm^2,这种大规模的土地整治开发导致了部分地区地下水位下降,地下水铵态氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮超标;整治开发的土地缺乏防护林的保护和有效覆盖,有重新沙化的风险。针对陕北榆林毛乌素沙地的自然特点和土地整治开发现状,建议降低土地开发强度、加大土地整理力度。强化土地整治规划的环境影响评价,从规划层面了解该区域土地开发整理的潜力,从宏观上解决其存在的环境问题;对已开发的土地进行环境影响后评价,总结经验教训。在土地整治开发过程中,需要优化土地整治开发模式,提升区域生态系统整体服务功能;合理开采地下水,维护水文生态安全。Land consolidation and development is a key way to achieve the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation in China. The land consolidation and development of the Mu Us Sandy Land in Yulin region has contributed to the dynamic balance of total cultivated land in Shaanxi Province. Given that the Mu Us Sandy Land is located in an ecologically fragile area,large-scale land consolidation and development may lead to serious environmental problems.Through the investigation of land development projects in Mu Us Sandy Land of Yulin,we found that the sandy land development area in Yulin was nearly 10000 hm2. This large-scale sandy land development had led to the decline of groundwater level in some areas,and the concentrations of NH4+-N,NO3--N and NO2--N in groundwater exceeded water quality standard. There is risk of re-sandification for those cultivated lands developed on sandy lands due to lack of the protection from shelter forests and effective coverage. In connection with the natural characteristics and land consolidation and development status of the Mu Us Sandy Land in Yulin,we suggest reduce intensity of land development and increase the intensity of land consolidation. Strategies include:implementing environmental impact assessment of land consolidation planning,understanding the potential of land development and consolidation in the region from the planning aspect,providing solutions to the environmental problems from a macro-perspective;post-evaluation of the environmental impacts of the developed lands to summarize lessons. Moreover,in the process of land consolidation and development,it is necessary to optimize land consolidation and development model,to enhance the overall service function of the regional ecosystem,and rationally extract groundwater to maintain ecohydrological security.

关 键 词：毛乌素沙地 土地整治开发 水文生态 开发模式 环境影响评价 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]