第二次台海危机与英国对美的外交因应及政策  

Britain’s Diplomatic Responses and Policy toward US during the Second Off-shore Islands Crisis

作　　者：奚庆庆[1] XI Qing-qing(School of History and Sociology,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史与社会学院

出　　处：《安徽史学》2019年第4期114-123,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“战后英国对中国台湾政策的演变研究(1945—1958)”(15CZS054)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：第二次台海危机爆发后,尽管英国判定新中国意在利用“危机”而非想要“战争”,但是英国认为在中美双方并不清楚彼此意图的情况下,台海危机也极有可能会无意间滑向全面战争而使英国卷入。为此,英国一度为维护和平需要而进行过些许外交努力,但成效甚微。面对美国在台海问题上贯穿始终的强硬态度,为修复英美特殊关系因苏伊士运河事件所形成的裂隙,英国最终调整其在台海问题上与美国分歧的立场,选择偏向于美国的政策。在深入预估台海危机不大可能升级成全面战争后,英国彻底倾向于支持美国,英美在台海问题上的政策、立场最终趋于一致。英国在台海问题上的政策转轨既是其对台海危机所涉各种因素进行综合评估、权衡后所做出的抉择,也是英国在与新中国及台湾当局的接触交往中形成反差的后果。整体而言,第二次台海危机中,英国基于平衡英美、中英关系的需要而致使其台海政策充满复杂性、矛盾性,并由此限制了英国在台海问题上积极有效作用的充分发挥。After the Second Off-shore Islands crisis breaking out, British government judged that PRC’s intention was to make use of the “crisis” and not really wanted “war”, but Britain also thought the off-shore Islands crisis can escalate or drift into a general war and Britain can’t be escaped from involvement when US and PRC didn’t know each other’s real intentions. So in order to protecting peace, Britain did some foreign efforts but had less success. In the face of US’ hard attitudes through the whole length, and for restoring the special relationship with US after the Suez Crisis, Britain finally moderate its stance on the off-shore islands which is totally different from the US. and chose a policy which was favor to the US. After further forecasting the off-shore Islands crisis can’t escalate into general war, Britain decided to support US totally. And Britain and US’ stance on off-shore islands reached to unanimity. Britain’s policy changes on off-shore islands was not only the result of its weigh various factors related to the crisis, but also the result of the sharp contrast when Britain contacted and exchanged with PRC and Taiwan. On the whole, during the second off-shore islands crisis, in need of balancing the Sino-British and Anglo-American relationship, Britain’s policy on off-shore islands is complicated and inconsistent. So it limited Britain to play an effective role in this crisis.

关 键 词：第二次台海危机 英国 沿海岛屿 外交 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] K561.5[历史地理—中国史]