基于曲率模型的斑马鱼C型转弯和逃逸的力能学比较（英文）  

Energetics comparison between zebrafish C-shaped turning and escape: self-propelled simulation with novel curvature models

作　　者：王仲威 余永亮 WANG Zhongwei;YU Yongliang(School of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学工程科学学院

出　　处：《中国科学院大学学报（中英文）》2019年第4期467-480,共14页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(11372310);Key Research Program of Frontier Science,CAS(QYZDB-SSWSYS002)

摘　　要：斑马鱼C型起动不仅发生于逃逸响应(C型逃逸),而且发生于非逃逸响应(C型转弯)。它们具有不同的变形模式和周期,并且运动学性能各异。在相同的弯曲幅度下,C型转弯实现更大的转弯角度,而C型逃逸则具有更快的游动速度。但尚不清楚它们的水动力学机制和力能学特征。本文针对C型转弯和逃逸的变形特征,建立新的曲率模型,采用优化算法拟合模型参数。通过自主游动数值模拟,发现C型转弯实现大转弯的机制在于:弯曲阶段存在比较大的正向力矩,而回摆阶段存在比较小的反向力矩;而C型逃逸在回摆阶段存在比较大的推力,导致反向力矩增大和转弯角度变小。还发现周期对转弯角度的影响不大,但对逃逸速度和能量消耗影响显著。因此,C型转弯为了节省能量,周期通常在100ms以上;而C型逃逸为了追求高速度,周期则在50ms附近。The zebrafish C-start occurs not only in the escape response(C-escape),but also in the non-escape response(C-turn).They have different deforming modes and durations,and put in distinct kinematics performances.With the same bending amplitude,C-turns achieve larger turning angles,while C-escapes have higher velocities.However,little is known about their hydrodynamic mechanisms and energetics features.We proposed two novel curvature models based on the deformation characteristics of C-turn and C-escape,respectively.An optimization algorithm was used to determine the model parameters according to experimental data.Through self-propelled numerical simulation,we found that the positive moment at stage 1 of C-turn was large and the negative moment at stage 2 was small.So C-turn achieved a large turning angle.However,C-escape had a large thrust at stage 2,which led to the negative moment increasing and the turning angle reducing.We also found that the duration had little effect on the turning angle,but had a significant influence on escape velocity and energy consumption.Therefore,in order to save energy the duration of C-turn is usually over 100 ms,and the duration of C-escape is near 50 ms in order to pursue high speed.

关 键 词：C型起动 转弯 曲率模型 自主游动 力能学 

分 类 号：O351.2[理学—流体力学] R318.01[理学—力学]