首颗脉冲星导航试验卫星及其观测结果  

Pulsar navigation test satellite XPNAV-1 and its observation results

作　　者：帅平 刘群 黄良伟 张新源 陈绍龙 薛力军 丁强强 邓楼楼[2] 陈建武[2] 胡慧君 SHUAI Ping;LIU Qun;HUANG Liangwei;ZHANG Xinyuan;CHEN Shaolong;XUE Lijun;DING Qiangqiang;DENG Loulou;CHEN Jianwu;HU Huijun(Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China;Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100094, China;Shandong Institute of Space Electronic Technology, Yantai 264043, China;Aerospace Dongfanghong Development Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China)

机构地区：[1]钱学森空间技术实验室,北京100094 [2]北京控制工程研究所,北京100094 [3]山东航天电子技术研究所,烟台264043 [4]深圳航天东方红海特卫星有限公司,深圳518057

出　　处：《中国惯性技术学报》2019年第3期281-287,共7页Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61803373,61403391)

摘　　要：2016年,中国成功发射全球首颗脉冲星导航专用试验卫星——X射线脉冲星导航1号(XPNAV-1)。该卫星是一颗重量为243kg的小卫星,其主要任务是测试X射线探测器性能,观测典型脉冲星和尝试验证脉冲星导航系统体制。目前,XPNAV-1卫星在轨运行状态良好,已实施4颗典型X射线脉冲星和4颗X射线双星观测,以及相关科学试验。主要观测结果包括三个方面:首先,通过观测数据处理,获得X射线光子的流量、能谱分布、时间间隔、周期特征和脉冲轮廓等重要观测结果,并建立蟹状星云(Crab)脉冲星的计时模型,其计时精度达到55.14μs;其次,XPNAV-1卫星捕捉到Crab脉冲星于2017年11月发生的一次巨大周期跃变事件,并对其恢复过程进行了长达4个月的监测;最后,采用新提出的基于法平面几何约束的脉冲星自主导航算法得到轨道确定精度为38.4km。结果表明XPNAV-1卫星空间飞行试验达到预期目标,初步验证了脉冲星导航系统体制的可行性。The world’s first dedicated pulsar navigation test satellite, X-ray Pulsar-based Navigation-1 (XPNAV-1), was successfully launched by China in 2016. XPNAV-1 is a small satellite with 243 kg, and its mission is to test the performance of X-ray detectors, observes the typical pulsars, and preliminarily verifies the pulsar navigation system. At present, XPNAV-1 normally works in the orbit, and has made the observations of 4 typical X-ray pulsars and 4 X-ray binary systems as well as the relative scientific tests. The main observation results include the following three aspects: Firstly, some significant results, including the fluxes, energy spectrums, time intervals, periodic characteristics and pulse profiles of X-ray photons, has obtained by the observation data processing. Meanwhile, a timing model of Crab pulsar, whose timing accuracy gets to 55.15 μs, has been established by using XPNAV-1 observation data. Secondly, the astronomical event, which is a large periodic glitch of Crab pulsar happened in November 2017, was caught by XPNAV-1, and the recovery process of the glitch had been completely monitored for four months. Finally, an automatic pulsar navigation algorithm based on ranging plane geometric restriction was presented to avoid the divergence of extended Kalman filtering, by which the orbital determination accuracy of XPNAV-1 achieves 38.4 km. These results show that the space flight test of XPNAV-1 has achieved the intended objectives, and the feasibility of pulsar navigation system has been preliminarily verified.

关 键 词：X射线脉冲星 空间导航试验 任务设计 脉冲星观测 计时模型 周期跃变 

分 类 号：U666.13[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]