论新国际单位制(SI)的“秒制”特征及其未来发展  

The Characteristics of the New SI Base on "Second System" and Its Future Development

作　　者：宋明顺 方兴华 马爱文 吴增源[1] SONG Ming-shun;FANG Xing-hua;MA Ai-wen;WU Zeng-yuan(College of Economics & Management,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China;State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Chinese Society for Measurement,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学经济与管理学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津300072 [3]中国计量测试学会,北京100029

出　　处：《计量学报》2019年第4期541-548,共8页Acta Metrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA070);中国科协学科发展项目(2018XKFZ16)

摘　　要：2019年5月20日起实行新的国际单位制,其主要变化在于7个基本单位用一个或多个定义的基本常数推导出,为基本单位确立了完美的标准定义。论述了新一轮国际单位制变革中基本单位千克、安培、开尔文和摩尔的新定义和特点;通过回溯国际单位制的发展历程,阐释了新国际单位制的"秒制"特征;最后分析了新国际单位制的问题和局限性,提出一种更加开放和包容多学科量值发展的新国际单位制体系的构想,并以此构建了新国际单位制未来发展的概念图。The new International System of Units will be introduced on May 20,2019.The main change is that the seven basic units are derived from one or more defined basic constants,so a perfect standard definition for the basic unit is established.Specifically,the new definitions of kilogram,ampere,kelvin,and mole in current revision of SI are discussed,as well as their characteristics.Then by reviewing the development of SI,a concept of "second system" is proposed to describe the essences of the revised SI.On the basis of the limitations and the problems which may be faced,an advanced SI structure,which is more open and extensive coverage in multidisciplinary quantities,is put forward,furthermore,the corresponding framework of the future SI system is depicted.

关 键 词：计量学 国际单位制 秒制 基本单位 量值溯源 

分 类 号：TB91[一般工业技术—计量学]