从明代禁戏政策及清初武戏兴起看屯堡地戏的形成  

The Formation of Tunpu Dixi from the Policy of Prohibiting Opera in Ming Dynasty and the Rise of Wuxi Opera in Early Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张定贵 ZHANG Dinggui(School of Political Science and Law,Anshun University,Anshun 561000,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]安顺学院政法学院

出　　处：《安顺学院学报》2019年第3期1-7,45,共8页Journal of Anshun University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“屯堡仪式社会研究”(项目编号:13BMZ037)

摘　　要：从明代的禁戏政策、清初中国武戏的兴起对地戏形成时间进行考察,然后再结合屯堡有限的证据得出综合性的判断,认为屯堡地戏可能是一种形成于清初的、以武戏为主体的、具有族群特征的仪式剧。它是取材于中国传统主文化而又融入族群特质的亚文化,标识着地戏在中国文化的存在方位、屯堡人在黔中诸多族群中的文化位置、话语方式以及崇文尚武的价值取向。因此,要长时段地注意明清以来的社会时代背景和屯堡人身份发生根本变化的历史拐点,不能只从其历史起点(调北征南)讨论地戏形成时间,要审慎地对待“六百多年的地戏”的说法。From the policy of forbidding opera in Ming Dynasty and the rise of Chinese martial arts opera in early Qing Dynasty,this paper investigates the formation time of Dixi,and then draws a comprehensive judgment based on the limited evidence of Tunpu.It is believed that Tunpu Dixi may be a ritual drama with ethnic characteristics formed in early Qing Dynasty.It is a sub-culture based on Chinese traditional main culture and integrated with the characteristics of ethnic groups.It marks the existence orientation of Dixi in Chinese culture,the cultural position of Tunpu people in many ethnic groups in central Guizhou,the way of discourse and the value orientation of advocating culture and martial arts.Therefore,we should pay attention to the historical turning point of fundamental changes in the social background and the identity of Tunpu people since Ming and Qing Dynasties for a long time.We should not only discuss the formation time of Dixi from its historical starting point(transferring north to south),but also treat the saying of"more than 600 years of Dixi"with caution.

关 键 词：中国法制史 禁戏政策 中国武戏 屯堡地戏 清初 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]