中国古代小说的人物塑形与叙事伦理——以宋代小说为考察中心  

Character Shaping and Narrative Ethics in Ancient Chinese Novels——Taking Song Dynasty Novels as the Research Center

作　　者：李建军[1,2] Li Jianjun(College of Humanities ,Taizhou University,Linhai 317000)

机构地区：[1]台州学院人文学院 [2]台州学院天台山文化研究院

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2019年第7期134-145,72,160,共14页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“宋代话本与文言小说共生关系研究”(17BZW098)阶段性成果

摘　　要：叙事作品中的人物不仅是结构要素,也是"具有真正人性轮廓"的伦理载体,通过人物塑形切入叙事伦理可以纲举目张。从共时性层面看,中国古代小说的人物塑形、叙事伦理在文言与白话文本中有不同呈现,就宋代而言,传奇与话本中士人塑形的悲喜格调之别,折射出叙事主体关于"乐""教"孰先的伦理考量,女性形象塑造的情理意蕴之别,凸显士人叙事与市民叙事同为男性性别叙事对女性的伦理诉求之异。从历时性层面看,与唐代相较,宋代小说的叙事主体有更精准的伦理介入,使文本有更显明的意图伦理。综合来看,宋代传奇与话本互动而使叙事技巧更为丰富、士人伦理与市民伦理互渗而使文本伦理更趋世俗,从叙事和伦理两个维度推动着叙事伦理的变迁,在中国叙事文学史上具有重要价值。Characters in narrative works are not only the structural elements, but also the ethical carrier of "having the true outline of human nature". It is feasible to study narrative ethics through character shaping.From the synchronic point of view, the characterization and narrative ethics of ancient Chinese fiction are different in the classical Chinese and vernacular texts. In the Song Dynasty, the difference between the tragic and happy style of the legend and the vernacular novel reflects the ethical considerations of the narrator about the priority of "entertainment" and "education", and the emotional implications of the female imagebuilding, it highlights the difference between the ethical appeal of literati narrative and citizen narrative to women. From the diachronic perspective, compared with the Tang Dynasty, the narrative subject of Song Dynasty’s novels has more precise ethical intervention, which makes the text have more obvious intentional ethics. Generally speaking, the interaction between legends and vernacular novel in Song Dynasty enriches narrative skills, and the interpenetration of literati ethics and citizen ethics makes text ethics more secular. It promotes the change of narrative ethics from the two dimensions of narrative and ethics, which is of great value in the history of Chinese narrative literature.

关 键 词：人物塑形 叙事伦理 士人叙事 市民叙事 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]