2016年1月中国东部一次极寒天气过程的诊断分析  

Diagnostic Analysis of an Extremely Cold Weather Process over East China in January 2016

作　　者：王亦平[1] 其美旺珍 WANG Yiping;QI Meiwangzhen(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院

出　　处：《成都信息工程大学学报》2019年第3期297-301,共5页Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC1507300);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(41705023)

摘　　要：2016年1月中国东部出现了一次极寒天气,为了揭示其成因,利用地面、高空常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°6h及ECMWF细网格再分析资料,采用天气学、动力学等方法进行了诊断分析。分析了高空高度及温度场、纬向风及经向风场、位涡及位温的垂直剖面图、济南站位涡垂直剖面时序图。并利用三维后向轨迹模式HYSPLIT和GDAS1气象资料,计算了济南站的气流后向轨迹。研究结果表明:阻高向东倾斜,有利于横槽后部冷空气的堆积;冷涡北部北风急流加强,有利于冷涡南落;寒潮影响后最低气温出现的时间,与高位涡沿等位温线下滑的最低高度出现的时间,两者具有较好的对应关系;不同高度的冷空气在横槽后堆积、暴发,是这次极寒天气过程出现的主要成因。An extremely cold weather occurrred over east China in January 2016.In order to reveal the reason of it,with conventional meteorological observations,NCAR NCEP 1°×1° and reanalysis data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF-thin),synoptic and dynamic methods are used to diagnostic analyse this process.Upper height and temperature fields,zonal and meridional wind fields,vertical profile of potential vorticity and potential temperature,time series chart of potential vorticity vertical profile are analysed.With GDAS1 meteorological data, three-dimensional backward trajectory model HYSPLIT is used to calculate the airflow backward trajectory of Jinan station.The results show that: Tilting eastward of resistance height is beneficial to the accumulation of cold air at back of the transverse trough;Strengthening of the northerly jet at north of the cold eddy is beneficial to the cold eddy falling southward;The time when the lowest temperature appears have a good corresponding relationship with the lowest height appears when the high potential vorticity descends along the isopotential temperature line;The accumulation and outbreak of the cold air at different altitudes behind the transverse trough are the main reason of this extremely cold weather process.

关 键 词：气象学 天气分析与预报 极寒天气 急流 位涡 后向轨迹法 

分 类 号：P458.122[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]