比例原则在刑法中的功能、定位与适用范围  

The Positioning,Function and Application Scope of the Proportionality Principle in Criminal Law

作　　者：田宏杰[1,2] TIAN Hongjie(School of law, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2019年第4期55-67,共13页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国刑法现代化的道德使命”(2009JJD820012)

摘　　要：刑法中的法益保护原则、刑法谦抑原则和罪刑均衡原则不仅分别对应比例原则中的适当性原则、必要性原则和狭义的比例原则,而且刑法中的责任主义原则还进一步限制了刑罚权的发动。因之,刑法基本原则体系早已为刑法规制边界的划定确立了更为严格的审查标准,比例原则无法提供新的规范指引。比例原则对于刑法体系的意义主要在于,其回答了哪些刑法原则是不容突破的铁则、哪些刑法原则存在例外。比例原则应当原则上适用于公法领域,至多可以用来调整弱式意义上的平等主体之间的法律关系,但不能适用于调整强式意义上的平等主体之间的法律关系。The principle of legal interest protection, the principle of modesty and the principle of crime-punishment equilibrium in criminal law correspond separately to the principle of suitability, the principle of necessity and the narrow proportionality principle. In addition, the principle of cul pability in criminal law further restricts the execution of the power of punishment. Hence, the basic principles have already clarified the regulatory boundaries of criminal law and have determined more strict review standards, while the proportionality principle is not able to provide additional norma tive guidance. The key value of the proportionality principle to criminal law system is that it solves the problem of which criminal law principles are absolutely inviolable and which ones have excep tions. In general, the proportionality principle is applied in the scope of public laws, or applied to adjusting the legal relations between equal parties in a weak sense, but it shall not be applied to ad justing the legal relations between equal parties in a strong sense.

关 键 词：比例原则 刑法基本原则 谦抑性 责任主义 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]