繁殖—育幼期雌性大熊猫的空间利用与活动模式特征  

Spatial utilization and activity pattern characteristics of a giant panda during the reproduction-rearing period

作　　者：张晋东[1] 黄金燕 周世强 Vanessa HULL 张和民 欧阳志云[4] ZHANG Jindong;HUANG Jinyan;ZHOU Shiqiang;ZHANG Hemin;OUYANG Zhiyun(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong 637009,China;China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Wolong Nature Reserve,Wenchuan 623006, China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100085, China)

机构地区：[1]西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,西华师范大学生命科学学院,南充637009 [2]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,汶川623006 [3]Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《兽类学报》2019年第4期421-430,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41571517);西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室开放基金(XNYB17-2);西华师范大学创新团队项目(CXTD2018-9);西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(17E073,17E074);西华师范大学英才基金项目(17YC358,17YC369)

摘　　要：繁殖期间的空间利用与活动模式特征是野生动物长期适应环境的具体表现,研究野生动物繁殖期间行为特征与策略是动物生态学研究中最重要的基础问题之一。2010年3月至2012年3月,我们利用内置记录活动水平传感器的GPS项圈记录了1只受孕、产仔并育幼的野生大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的活动位点和活动水平。研究了该大熊猫各繁殖阶段(交配后期、产仔期和育幼期)的空间利用与活动模式特征。结果表明:在交配后期(2010年春季,即4-6月),雌性大熊猫活动空间范围较大为3.49 km^2,其日平均活动距离较大,活动水平也相对较强;在产仔期前后(2010年夏秋季,即7-10月),雌性大熊猫的活动范围明显缩小为0.42 km^2,日平均活动距离和活动水平都明显减低;自2010年冬季(2010年11月至2011年3月)开始雌性大熊猫带仔生活,其家域面积逐渐增大,且趋向稳定(0.84~1.19 km^2),日平均活动距离和活动水平都开始逐渐增大。雌性大熊猫在求偶交配、受孕、产仔和育幼过程中的空间利用与活动模式特征反映了大熊猫在繁殖期间的行为策略。本研究结果可为繁殖期间大熊猫及栖息地的保护管理政策制定提供科学依据。The spatial utilization and activity pattern characteristics of wild animals during reproduction are specific manifestations of long-term adaptation to the environment in which they live,and are among the most important basic issues in animal ecology research.From March 2010 to March 2012,using GPS collars equipped with dual-axis activity sensors,we recorded the activity locations and activity level of a female wild giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)which conceived and gave birth to a cub.We studied the spatial use and activity patterns of the giant panda in different reproductive stages(period after mating and conception,cub-bearing period and rearing cub period).Results show that the main utilization space of the female giant panda was relative large(3.49 km^2),during the period after mating and conception(from April to June of 2010),the range of activity,average daily movement distance and activity level of the female giant panda were obviously larger than other periods too;around the cub-bearing period(from July to September of 2010),the range of activity of the giant panda distinctly reduced to 0.42 km^2,and the average daily movement distance and activity intensity were visibly reduced.Since winter 2010(from November of 2010 to next March),the range of activity was regularly extended(0.84-1.19 km^2),average daily movement distance and activity level of the female giant pandas gradually increased The spatial utilization and activity pattern characteristics of the female giant panda during reproduction periods(e.g.,mating and conception,cub-bearing period and rearing cub)can reveal it’s behavioral strategies.Our study can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of policies on the protection and management of giant pandas and their habitats during the breeding period.

关 键 词：大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 空间利用 活动模式 GPS项圈 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]