低温菌对冬季水稻秸秆发酵腐解特性的影响  

Effects of psychrophilic bacteria on the fermentation and decomposition characteristics of rice straw in winter

作　　者：关法春 刘亮[1] 苗彦军[2] 刘会芳 张永锋[1] 吴玉德 贺延国[4] GUAN Fa-chun;LIU Liang;MIAO Yan-jun;LIU Hui-fang;ZHANG Yong-feng;WU Yu-de;HE Yan-guo(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. C.;Tibetan College of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, Linzhi 860000, P. R. C.;School of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, P. R. C.;Chinese Water Northeastern Investigation and Design Research Co. Ltd. , Jilin 130061, P. R. C.)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130033 [2]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [3]佳木斯大学生命科学学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [4]中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司科学研究院,长春吉林130061

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期338-342,共5页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2018ZY026,CXGC2017ZD012);国家水稻现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-24)

摘　　要：以青藏高原极端环境下的微生物为主,制成低温生物菌剂,应用于冬季稻田内水稻秸秆的原位发酵,研究水稻秸秆在冬季施用生物菌剂低温发酵后的质量和养分变化.结果表明:随着秸秆低温发酵时间的延长,水稻秸秆的总有机质含量逐渐降低,而水稻秸秆全氮、全磷和全钾则逐步增加,不同时期秸杆总有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾指标,结果之间差异极显著(P<0.01,n=3).试验末期测得水稻秸秆失重率为58.26%,而18.34%的秸秆C/N比说明秸秆已经腐熟;同时C/N比与失重率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.947,P<0.01).水稻秸秆发酵的综合质量量化评价结果也表明,A0424秸秆发酵的综合质量投影值为2.2644,远高于其他.低温生物菌剂应用于水稻秸秆的冬季发酵,效果明显.The microorganisms from the extreme environment of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau were used to make low temperature microbial agents for in-situ fermentation of rice straw in paddy fields in winter. The quality and nutrient changes of rice straw after low temperature fermentation with microbial agents in winter were studied in this paper. The results showed that the total organic matter content of rice straw decreased gradually and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of rice straw increased gradually with the extension of straw fermentation time at low temperature, but there were significant differences in to tal organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium among indices in different periods. The weight loss rate was 58.26%, and the C/N ratio of rice straw was 18. 34% in the end of trial, which meet the standards of maturity. At the same time, C/N ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the rate of weight loss (r=-0.947, P<0. 01). Quantitative evaluation of comprehensive quality of rice straw fermentation also showed that the projection value of comprehensive quality of straw fermentation was 2.2644 for A0424, which was much higher than the other two. The application of cryogenic microbial bacteria in fermentation of rice straw in winter has achieved obvious results.

关 键 词：低温菌 水稻秸秆 发酵腐解 养分释放 

分 类 号：S18[农业科学—农业基础科学]