2010-2017年中国大陆法定传染病疫情分析  

Analysis of epidemic situation of legal infectious diseases in China's Mainland in 2010-2017

作　　者：段亮亮 商晋 张维敏 巨婧 DUAN Liang-liang;SHANG Jin;ZHANG Wei-min;JU Jing(Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,College of Public Health,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712046,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第14期2501-2506,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：陕西省科技厅自然科学基础研究计划青年项目(2019JQ-563)

摘　　要：目的分析2010-2017年中国大陆(不含港澳台)法定传染病的发生水平、构成及流行特征,为制定更为有效的传染病预防控制政策和措施提供依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法,对2010-2017年法定传染病数据进行整理统计。结果2010-2017年法定传染病发病37种53665896例,年均发病率494.2617/10万,主要为乙类和丙类(共35种53665495例)。乙类中病毒性肝炎(主要为乙肝)和艾滋病具有血源性及性传播特点,病毒性肝炎发病率和死亡率随年份下降(P=0.037,P=0.023),而艾滋病上升(P=0.003,P=0.002);肺结核和人感染H7N9禽流感属于呼吸道传染病,肺结核发病率随年份下降(P=0.001),而人感染H7N9禽流感2017年发病率(≥1.75倍)和死亡率(≥1.90倍)均显著高于其他年份;狂犬病属于虫媒及自然疫源性传染病,发病率和死亡率均随年份下降(P=0.002,P=0.002)。丙类中手足口病通过肠道传播,发病率(≥120.2142/10万)一直较高。结论中国法定传染病以乙类和丙类流行为主,且主要集中在手足口病、病毒性肝炎、肺结核、狂犬病、艾滋病、人感染H7N9禽流感中。病毒性肝炎、肺结核、狂犬病的防治效果显著,但仍应重点防控,其余病种应根据其特点,改进防治措施。Objective Analysis of the levels, comprises and characteristics of China's Mainland legal infectious diseases from 2010 to 2017 were conducted in this study, which could provide scientific data to develop more effective strategies or measures to prevent and control the infectious diseases. Methods China *s legal epidemic situation of infectious diseases data from 2010 to 2017 were sorted and statistically analyzed through descriptive epidemiology methods in this study. Results The total number of infectious diseases was 37 species and 53665896 cases from 2010 to 2017. The average annual incidence rate was 494.261 刀100,000. The prevalence of infectious diseases was mainly in class B and C (35 species and 53665495 cases). The main infectious diseases belong to class B as follows. Viral hepatitis (mainly hepatitis B) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have blood and sexual transmission characteristics. The incidence and mortality rates of viral hepatitis declined (P=0.037, P=0.023) while those of AIDS increased (P=0.003, P=0.002). Tuberculosis and human infection with H7N9 avian influenza belong to respiratory diseases. Incidence rate of tuberculosis declined (P =0.001). Incidence rate 1.75 times) and mortality rate 1.90 times) of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza was higher in 2017 than in other years. Rabies belongs to insects and natural iatrogenic infectious diseases, incidence and mortality rates of which declined (P=0.002, P=0.002). Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) was the main class C infectious disease, which infected through gastrointestinal and also had higher incidence rate (M 120.2142/100,000) compared to other diseases. Conclusion Disease types, incidence number and incidence rate of China's legal infectious diseases was significantly higher in category B and C. The main infectious diseases included HFMD, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, rabies, AIDS and human infection with H7N9 avian influenza. Although the prevention and control of viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and rabies measures ma

关 键 词：法定传染病 发病率 死亡率 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学] R183[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]